--:-- Nick Miles: This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Nick Miles.
--:-- Nick Miles: Washington's special envoy, Steve Witkoff, is to visit Gaza later today. On Thursday, the US administration imposed sanctions on Palestinian Authority members.
--:-- Nick Miles: In another blow to the Pakistan opposition leader Imran Khan, senior members of his party have been jailed for up to 10 years.
--:-- Nick Miles: The United States has insisted there must be a deal to end Russia's war in Ukraine by August 8th.
--:-- Nick Miles: Also in this podcast... Beds of deep-sea clams, what look like meadows of foot-long tube worms poking out of the seabed, and mats of bacteria that resemble rivers of ice. Scientists exploring the Pacific Ocean say they've discovered entire ecosystems of marine life at depths of over eight kilometres.
--:-- Nick Miles: The United States has imposed travel restrictions on members of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organisation, accusing them of undermining peace efforts with Israel.
--:-- Nick Miles: Washington's special envoy Steve Whitcoff is in Israel trying to salvage Gaza ceasefire talks.
--:-- Nick Miles: The White House press secretary Caroline Levitt said Mr. Whitcoff and the US ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee will also visit Gaza on Friday.
--:-- President Trump: President Trump is a humanitarian with a big heart and that's why he sent special envoy Whitcoff to the region in an effort to save lives and end this crisis.
--:-- Nick Miles: Special Envoy Whitcoff and Ambassador Huckabee will be traveling into Gaza to inspect the current distribution sites and secure a plan to deliver more food and meet with local Gazans to hear firsthand about this dire situation on the ground.
--:-- Nick Miles: Well, earlier on Thursday, Mr. Whitcoff met Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as international anger grows of the terrible humanitarian situation in Gaza.
--:-- Nick Miles: Those who have been able to visit the aid sites in the territory and leave with supplies say what's on offer is not nearly enough to feed their families.
--:-- Nick Miles: From four in the morning, I've been under the bridge, and this is what I got. For eight people, one jar of tahini.
--:-- Nick Miles: This is not distribution. This is not distribution at all. This is a crime, shooting, and martyrs laid down beneath us.
--:-- Nick Miles: Look at this half a jar of tahini. What should I feed my children? This is a death trap.
--:-- Nick Miles: I swear to God, it's a death trap. You come to death and you know you're coming to death and you don't take anything or find anything left.
--:-- Nick Miles: For more details on the US envoy Steve Witkoff's visit to the Middle East and especially his trip on Friday to inspect an aid distribution site in Gaza, I spoke to our Washington correspondent Tom Bateman.
--:-- Tom Bateman: The next steps are that Mr. Wyckoff and Mike Huckabee, the US ambassador to Israel, will visit a site of the so-called Gaza Humanitarian Foundation, US and Israeli backed, supplying food aid inside Gaza and has had a series of disastrous consequences with many aid seekers being shot dead.
--:-- Tom Bateman: You sense that from the kinds of things Mr. Trump has been saying about and the way he has talked about starvation, it seems to me he has told Mr. Wyckoff to go and see it with his own eyes.
--:-- Tom Bateman: And I think what he reports back will matter. This is a close relationship between these two men. I think he trusts him more than many of his own officials.
--:-- Tom Bateman: And so what he sees there will matter. The Americans have been saying that they have put money into the food supply for Palestinians.
--:-- Tom Bateman: President Trump has been talking about $60 million, although it appears that half of that has come from the Israelis.
--:-- Tom Bateman: Mr. Trump seems to speak in pretty sort of disappointing terms about the effects of the way that money has been used.
--:-- Tom Bateman: So I think he's putting pressure on this situation.
--:-- Nick Miles: Tom, many people around the world, many governments will want sanctions put on Israel for what's happening in Gaza.
--:-- Tom Bateman: And yet today we saw sanctions from the US against some members of the Palestinian Authority.
--:-- Tom Bateman: Well, the Palestinian Authority, along with the Palestine Liberation Organization, these are significant organizations that gave Palestinians for the first time national political representation and a voice on the world stage that was internationally backed.
--:-- Tom Bateman: Now, they have self-governance, some limited self-governance within the occupied West Bank, the Palestinian Authority.
--:-- Tom Bateman: But Israel and the United States governments have long called for the PA to reform.
--:-- Tom Bateman: They accuse it of inciting terrorism and of also not reforming itself in terms of corruption.
--:-- Tom Bateman: What they have done today is using those accusations and arguments they've held for a very long time is to sanction some members of the PA and the PLO.
--:-- Tom Bateman: This looks like fairly limited actually about travel bans, not a full range of financial sanctions.
--:-- Tom Bateman: But the timing is clearly around the fact that we have had this week a United Nations conference involving the Europeans and Gulf Arab states, which have called for a rekindling of the two-state solution that the US and Israel have largely abandoned now.
--:-- Tom Bateman: And you've had also countries like the UK, France and Canada commit to recognising a Palestinian state.
--:-- Tom Bateman: And this is the punishment.
--:-- Nick Miles: Although it denies that the timing is around that, clearly, this is a way of effectively weakening or using a punitive measure against the Palestinian Authority, which would be the future governing body of a Palestinian state to show really to the Europeans that they're very unhappy with what they've done this week.
--:-- Nick Miles: That was Tom Bateman in Washington.
--:-- Nick Miles: My colleague Katrina Perry spoke to Frank Cessno, a former CNN Washington correspondent and presenter, and asked him about the visit of the U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff to that aid distribution site in Gaza and about the U.S. administration's understanding of how the process is working.
--:-- Frank Cessno: I think they've been standing by the efficacy of that system, despite all indications to the contrary, the terrible pictures and the terrible stories that have come out of Gaza itself, that the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation this means of distributing aid has been a disaster.
--:-- Frank Cessno: People have died trying to get to it. It's distributing far too little aid. Israel and by definition or by extension the United States are becoming more isolated as a result of all of this.
--:-- Frank Cessno: But Witkoff is there to see what can be done, to look at the humanitarian sites and to bring that back to the administration, to see what, if anything, can be resurrected out of the ceasefire talks that have essentially broken down and getting the Israeli hostages out and some next steps in a ceasefire.
--:-- Frank Cessno: And then finally looking to whether there can be any political movement whatsoever on the larger question of the Israeli-Gaza standoff.
--:-- Frank Cessno: And on that and the kind of broader political point, the isolation point you're mentioning there, the U.S. is becoming further apart from its allies.
--:-- Frank Cessno: We've seen now three G7 member countries say they will recognize Palestine as a state subject to certain conditions, but the U.S. still holding very firmly to its line of no two-state solution.
--:-- Frank Cessno: It's very interesting because what we're seeing now, and this is going to accelerate, I think, because of the kinds of stories, images, reality and suffering that's being brought on a daily basis across traditional media and social media in this country around the world, is a further isolation of the U.S. and Israel as a result of all this.
--:-- Nick Miles: This is one of the reasons Whitcoff is there.
--:-- Nick Miles: So you have the United Kingdom, France and Canada saying under certain circumstances, they'll recognize a Palestinian state not far down the line.
--:-- Frank Cessno: The president was dismissive, sort of, this doesn't really much matter, or we didn't talk about it with respect to the United Kingdom and France's declaration with Canada.
--:-- Frank Cessno: He actually initially said he was going to slap higher tariffs on Canada because of this position that they took.
--:-- Frank Cessno: And he had hardly complimentary things to say about the initiative.
--:-- Nick Miles: But here's the other thing that's very interesting. A new Gallup poll in the United States just out in the last week or so, it shows a dramatically declining base of support for Israel's military activity in Gaza.
--:-- Nick Miles: Just 32 percent now in the United States say they are backing Israel's military action in Gaza.
--:-- Frank Cessno: And while the Trump administration says and often acts like it doesn't much care about public opinion, they're keeping a sharp eye on this one because this can shift quickly and they know it.
--:-- Nick Miles: From Islamabad, here's Azadah Meshiri.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: This is yet another blow to Imran Khan's party, and a serious one.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: The party's opposition leader, six members of parliament, and a senator are among those sentenced.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: It's a direct hit to their presence in parliament.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: The protests in May 2023 were at times violent.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: Protesters targeted buildings belonging to the powerful military.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: Since then, the challenges keep multiplying and the party's influence is waning.
--:-- Azadah Meshiri: They are operating with a leader behind bars, multiple legal cases and even infighting within the party.
--:-- Nick Miles: A Swedish jihadist has been sentenced to life in jail for killing a Jordanian pilot who was burned to death in a cage in Syria a decade ago.
--:-- Nick Miles: The Islamic State Group posted a video of the murder, prompting widespread revulsion.
--:-- Nick Miles: A court in Stockholm handed down the verdict on Osama Krayam.
--:-- Nick Beek: The highly produced video that IS released back in 2015 gave the world a graphic illustration of the crimes the group was committing in Syria.
--:-- Nick Beek: The Jordanian pilot Maz Al-Kusasba was killed after crashing near the city of Raqqa.
--:-- Nick Beek: A decade on, 32-year-old Swedish national Osama Kraim has been convicted for his role.
--:-- Nick Beek: Kraim is already serving 30 years in prison for helping plan the November 2015 Paris attacks and a life sentence for involvement in the bombings at Brussels main airport and a metro station a year later.
--:-- Nick Miles: Scientists exploring some of the deepest ocean trenches on Earth have discovered whole ecosystems of marine life living at depths of more than eight kilometres.
--:-- Nick Miles: The discovery, published in the journal Nature, suggests that deep ocean trenches around the world could be home to a diverse array of creatures adapted to live in the dark and under extreme pressure.
--:-- Victoria Gill: Beds of deep sea clams, what look like meadows of foot-long tube worms poking out of the seabed, and mats of bacteria that resemble rivers of ice.
--:-- Victoria Gill: These are some of the communities of marine creatures that Chinese researchers captured on camera on a mission to some of the deepest parts of the Pacific Ocean.
--:-- Victoria Gill: Travelling in a submersible vehicle, the team explored ocean trenches around the northwest Pacific of depths of up to 9,500 metres, nearly six miles down.
--:-- Victoria Gill: This is known as the Hadal Zone after Hades, the Greek god of the underworld.
--:-- Victoria Gill: But rather than a desolate environment, scientists were amazed to see the abundance of life.
--:-- Victoria Gill: Previously, people always think the Hadal Trench is not an ideal place for life to survive.
--:-- Victoria Gill: That's Dr. Megran Du from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
--:-- Victoria Gill: Under this extreme high pressure, under the super high depths, they must have their trick to adapt to the super high pressure.
--:-- Victoria Gill: That's the question we need to answer in the following research.
--:-- Victoria Gill: The team hopes to work out what those tricks and adaptations are, exactly what enables marine creatures to thrive in such a harsh environment.
--:-- Victoria Gill: With no sunlight, they feed on carbon-rich chemicals that seep out of the seafloor.
--:-- Victoria Gill: And these new observations challenge long-held assumptions about the potential for life in some of the darkest, most extreme places on Earth.
--:-- Nick Miles: still to come. A mega flash is basically lightning on steroids.
--:-- Nick Miles: It's a lightning flash, lightning discharge that can travel hundreds of kilometers.
--:-- Nick Miles: Scientists have revealed the longest single lightning flash ever recorded.
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--:-- Nick Miles: According to a nationwide survey conducted by GeneSight, nearly nine in 10 Americans who've been diagnosed with depression or anxiety believe that mental health medications are somewhat or very effective.
--:-- Nick Miles: However, despite that belief, more than half of those individuals say they have avoided taking medication due to concerns about potential side effects.
--:-- Nick Miles: That's why Dr. Whitney Brown, a family and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner based in Alabama, often recommends genetic testing to our patients as part of their treatment journey.
--:-- Dr. Whitney Brown: As part of my treatment plan, I offer the GeneSight test, which analyzes how a patient's genes may influence how they metabolize or respond to certain mental health medications.
--:-- Dr. Whitney Brown: It gives me insights and takes out some of the guesswork that can be associated with prescribing them.
--:-- Dr. Whitney Brown: If you or someone you love is facing challenges with depression or anxiety, talk to your doctor about how genetic testing may help.
--:-- Nick Miles: To learn more, visit genesight.com.
--:-- Nick Miles: That's genesight.com.
--:-- Nick Miles: The US President Donald Trump is insisting that there must be a deal to end Russia's war in Ukraine by his deadline of August the 8th.
--:-- Nick Miles: That's according to a senior American diplomat.
--:-- Nick Miles: John Kelly reaffirmed Mr Trump's demand during a meeting of the UN Security Council.
--:-- Nick Miles: Both Russia and Ukraine must negotiate a ceasefire and durable peace.
--:-- Nick Miles: It is time to make a deal.
--:-- Nick Miles: President Trump has made clear this must be done by August 8th.
--:-- Nick Miles: The United States is prepared to implement additional measures to secure peace.
--:-- Nick Miles: Well, Mr. Kelly also criticized China for providing crucial components to Russia's war machine.
--:-- Nick Miles: The ambassador was speaking after Moscow's massive drone attacks and missile attacks on Wednesday night on Ukraine's capital, Kiev, which has killed at least 15 people.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: Well, it's been more than six months since Donald Trump returned to the White House.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: There's been a succession of deadlines, a succession of threats.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: A lot of talk and chatter, but very little action that would meaningfully and seriously harm Russia.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: Ukraine has borne the brunt of Donald Trump's annoyance, irritation and anger.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: That seems to have changed, hence the latest shorter deadline of 10 days, the threats of secondary sanctions.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: But looking at what experts are saying, both in Russia and Ukraine, they're not really expecting much.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: In fact, the Russian foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, said earlier that Russia has learned to live with those sanctions.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: And when it comes to deadlines, we've been here before.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: That's what the Russian foreign minister said.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: And the Kremlin doesn't appear to be taking the deadline seriously.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: There was a barrage of attacks across Ukraine.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: And once again, it's civilians who suffered the most, it appears.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: The search and rescue operation in the Ukrainian capital continues.
--:-- Vitaly Shevchenko: One apartment block, nine story apartment block collapsed, 54 flats destroyed.
--:-- Nick Miles: That's just one sign of how deadly these Russian attacks are and how the Kremlin doesn't really care about Donald Trump saying that he doesn't like Vladimir Putin attacking civilians in Ukraine.
--:-- Nick Miles: Just like in many other countries, as an adult, if you go into a restaurant or supermarket in Kenya after a hard day's work, you'd be able to buy a nice cool beer.
--:-- Nick Miles: The question is, for how much longer?
--:-- Nick Miles: That is because the Kenyan government is proposing a package of measures to restrict the sale of alcohol in all sorts of places, including hotels.
--:-- Nick Miles: Just why then are the authorities considering taking what is pretty drastic action?
--:-- Nick Miles: Will Ross is our Africa regional editor.
--:-- Will Ross: The government has for quite a long time said that there's a huge problem when it comes to alcohol, especially with the youth.
--:-- Will Ross: And so this National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse, known as NACADA, was put in place.
--:-- Will Ross: It's come up with these recommendations as a way, it says, of helping society, especially protecting young people from the abuses of alcohol.
--:-- Will Ross: And some of the measures are certainly being criticised pretty openly in Kenya.
--:-- Will Ross: People are looking at things like banning the sale of alcohol in supermarkets, restaurants.
--:-- Will Ross: This is a country that has a massive tourism sector.
--:-- Will Ross: So the thought of banning alcohol sales in restaurants seems a little bizarre.
--:-- Will Ross: But there are other ones, including influencers on social media won't be allowed to promote alcohol.
--:-- Will Ross: And that's actually received some criticism from within government with an official saying these influencers and content creators are very important.
--:-- Will Ross: We need to think these things through very carefully.
--:-- Will Ross: But there are, of course, other people who look at the problem of alcohol abuse and how widespread it is and say there do need to be measures put in place.
--:-- Will Ross: But I ought to stress that these are recommendations at the moment.
--:-- Will Ross: And following a lot of criticism online, this organisation, NACADA, put out a statement saying these are not the final word, as it were.
--:-- Will Ross: There's going to be more consultation.
--:-- Will Ross: And Will, the other aspect of this is that these recommendations wouldn't address another big problem, which is local alcohol known as Chang'a.
--:-- Will Ross: Yeah, Chang'e is brewed right across the country.
--:-- Will Ross: So from the kind of densely populated areas of Nairobi to every village in many regions of the country, certainly.
--:-- Will Ross: And it's had a massive impact on society.
--:-- Will Ross: I mean, people will say, look, it's affordable, it's cheap.
--:-- Will Ross: So that's a good thing.
--:-- Will Ross: There's another way for people to get alcohol if they want it.
--:-- Will Ross: But because it's unregulated, from time to time there are problems where the wrong ingredients are put in, and suddenly this turns into a large barrel of poison, and there have been cases where multiple people have died.
--:-- Will Ross: But maybe the bigger problem, especially in the villages that I've seen, is just the impact on society of people who have access to this pretty cheap brew becoming alcoholics pretty young, and it tearing their families apart and stopping them from being able to work properly.
--:-- Nick Miles: Now, often when we report on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it is to do with the conflicts that have dogged that country for more than 30 years.
--:-- Nick Miles: But the government there wants the nation to be defined by that.
--:-- Nick Miles: It's spending a big amount of money on a controversial sponsorship deal with one of the biggest football teams in the world.
--:-- Will Chalk: A Barcelona FC training session with cameras snapping pictures of the players for sports websites and the next day's newspapers.
--:-- Will Chalk: Pictures that will likely be seen by millions around the world.
--:-- Will Chalk: In other words, a great advertising opportunity.
--:-- Will Chalk: And from next season, the team's training tops will have DR Congo Heart of Africa written on them.
--:-- Will Chalk: It's part of a four-year sponsorship deal, and the Congolese government says it will raise the profile of the country.
--:-- Will Chalk: But it's not come cheap at around $50 million.
--:-- Will Chalk: And the DRC has already splashed out on similar deals with Italian side AC Milan and French team AS Monaco.
--:-- Will Chalk: Money well spent, we asked people in the country's capital, Kinshasa.
--:-- Will Chalk: It's a good idea to bring tourists in DRC.
--:-- Will Chalk: When you talk about tourism, there should be things to see when those people come here for tourism.
--:-- Will Chalk: They should use that money to build the country so that when they call those people, they have something to see.
--:-- Will Chalk: So yes, tourism, but there is nothing to see so far.
--:-- Will Chalk: It's not just shirt sponsorship.
--:-- Will Chalk: It's claimed the deal will also involve Barcelona's stadium hosting an immersive exhibition to showcase the cultural diversity and sporting tradition of the DRC.
--:-- Will Chalk: But for some, it shows the government has the wrong priorities, especially because the country's own football league has been plagued by massive underfunding for years.
--:-- Will Chalk: Maurice Carney runs US-based advocacy group Friends of the Congo.
--:-- Will Chalk: The country has 7 million internally displaced people.
--:-- Will Chalk: You have an outbreak of cholera and you have 70 million people living on less than $2.15 a day.
--:-- Will Chalk: and the Congolese government is entering into a marketing and promotion agreement, a sponsorship agreement, $50 million with European football teams.
--:-- Will Chalk: It just doesn't add up.
--:-- Will Chalk: What makes things murkier is that in signing this deal, the DRC is following in the footsteps of its eastern neighbour, Rwanda, who sponsored Premier League side Arsenal shirts since 2018.
--:-- Will Chalk: Rwanda has been accused of backing the rebel group involved in much of the violence in the east of the DRC, something it denies, but the Congolese government has previously written to Arsenal questioning the morality of the arrangement.
--:-- Will Chalk: Timothy Longman is an international relations professor at Boston University.
--:-- Will Chalk: He's been following the conflict for 30 years.
--:-- Will Chalk: I think Congo feels like, well, if they can do it, we should as well.
--:-- Will Chalk: Congo, the problems are more closely related to corruption, and so I do imagine there will be some concern about where this money is actually going to go.
--:-- Will Chalk: Yeah, Rwanda has a very different set of issues.
--:-- Will Chalk: It's a much stricter government that allows a lot less dissent.
--:-- Will Chalk: But with Congo, the problem is more just where does the money go?
--:-- Will Chalk: From a Barcelona perspective, rightly or wrongly, it's $50 million.
--:-- Will Chalk: And as football clubs have proved time and time again, it's a sport where money talks.
--:-- Nick Miles: Now to something that you might call a lightning change of subject.
--:-- Nick Miles: The certification this week of the longest single lightning flash ever recorded.
--:-- Nick Miles: According to a study published by the World Meteorological Organization, it happened back in 2017 in the United States and it measured 829 kilometres in length.
--:-- Nick Miles: That is roughly the distance between Paris and Venice.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: A mega flash is basically lightning on steroids.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: It's a lightning flash, lightning discharge that can travel hundreds of kilometers.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: It's not limited to just in the nearby area.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: It can travel, as we have in this particular case, an enormous distance.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: How do you actually measure it then?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Well, in the early days, we actually used ground-based radio technology.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: As you all know from radio, there's a static discharge when lightning occurs and we can triangulate it based on the ground.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: But that's only limited to where we have the detectors.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: So nowadays what we use is what we call a lightning mapper.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: It's an instrument that we put on board weather satellites that can very precisely detect the start and the end of individual lightning flashes.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Why has it taken so long to measure and, well, I guess certify, most importantly, this one?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Well, this one was overlooked, basically.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: There were, back in 2017, there was a study of this particular event, and there were three other mega flashes that occurred with it.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: But somehow this one was overlooked, and one of our researchers actually went back and was examining this historical storm.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: And he said, wait a minute, I think there's an even longer one here.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: And as we looked into the data and we carefully analyzed it, we realized that, yes, it is not only was overlooked, but it is the longest one that we have on record.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: And I guess here comes the key question. Why does it matter? Why is it so important to measure these mega flashes?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Well, it helps us with our understanding of lightning, but it also, on a day-to-day basis, helps to emphasize the very major safety idea that lightning can travel a very long distance away from its parent thunderstorm.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: So what we say is if there is a thunderstorm over your area that's producing lightning, wait at least 30 minutes after it's passed before you go outside and start to resume normal activities.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Are these things getting bigger? Is that possible?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: I mean, we hear about lots of impacts of climate change.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Presumably that has an impact on storms.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Do those storms, as they get more powerful, have an impact on the length of lightning flashes?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: Well, we don't know, frankly.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: This record doesn't really relate to climate change because we simply don't have a long enough record of these mega flashes yet.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: We've only been studying them for the last 10 years.
--:-- Randy Cerveni: We just don't have a long enough record to be able to say, are they changing? Are they becoming more frequent? Are they becoming longer?
--:-- Randy Cerveni: As we get more data, we should be able to start to answer those kind of questions.
--:-- Nick Miles: And that is all from us for now, but there will be a new edition of the Global News Podcast later on.
--:-- Nick Miles: If you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, you can send us an email.
--:-- Nick Miles: The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk.
--:-- Nick Miles: You can also find us on X at BBC World Service.
--:-- Nick Miles: Use the hashtag Global News Pod.
--:-- Nick Miles: This edition was mixed by Ricardo McCarthy.
--:-- Nick Miles: The producers were Lear McSheffrey and Oliver Burlow.
--:-- Nick Miles: The editor is Karen Martin.
--:-- Nick Miles: I'm Nick Miles and until next time, goodbye.
--:-- Nick Miles: a story from this intersection, where the world and America meet.
--:-- Nick Miles: Listen on BBC.com or wherever you get your podcasts.
