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The Andrej Karpathy episode.

During this interview, Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education.

It was a pleasure chatting with him.

Watch on YouTube; read the transcript.

Sponsors

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) – AGI is still a decade away

(00:29:45) – LLM cognitive deficits

(00:40:05) – RL is terrible

(00:49:38) – How do humans learn?

(01:06:25) – AGI will blend into 2% GDP growth

(01:17:36) – ASI

(01:32:50) – Evolution of intelligence & culture

(01:42:55) - Why self driving took so long

(01:56:20) - Future of education

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As part of this interview, Satya Nadella gave Dylan Patel (founder of SemiAnalysis) and me an exclusive first-look at their brand-new Fairwater 2 datacenter.

Microsoft is building multiple Fairwaters, each of which has hundreds of thousands of GB200s & GB300s. Between all these interconnected buildings, they’ll have over 2 GW of total capacity. Just to give a frame of reference, even a single one of these Fairwater buildings is more powerful than any other AI datacenter that currently exists.

Satya then answered a bunch of questions about how Microsoft is preparing for AGI across all layers of the stack.

Watch on YouTube; read the transcript.

Sponsors

* Labelbox produces high-quality data at massive scale, powering any capability you want your model to have. Whether you’re building a voice agent, a coding assistant, or a robotics model, Labelbox gets you the exact data you need, fast. Reach out at labelbox.com/dwarkesh

* CodeRabbit automatically reviews and summarizes PRs so you can understand changes and catch bugs in half the time. This is helpful whether you’re coding solo, collaborating with agents, or leading a full team. To learn how CodeRabbit integrates directly into your workflow, go to coderabbit.ai

To sponsor a future episode, visit dwarkesh.com/advertise.

Timestamps

(00:00:00) - Fairwater 2

(00:03:20) - Business models for AGI

(00:12:48) - Copilot

(00:20:02) - Whose margins will expand most?

(00:36:17) - MAI

(00:47:47) - The hyperscale business

(01:02:44) - In-house chip & OpenAI partnership

(01:09:35) - The CAPEX explosion

(01:15:07) - Will the world trust US companies to lead AI?

Get full access to Dwarkesh Podcast at www.dwarkesh.com/subscribe

What happens when a career-ending injury becomes the catalyst for a completely new life? In today’s episode, Ted Stern (@fitresponder) shares how snapping his ankle on duty pushed him into the online world — and how that single moment transformed him from a frustrated first responder into a multiple 6-figure fitness entrepreneur. Ted breaks down the exact steps he used to scale from making a few thousand a month to consistently hitting $100K+ months, why niching saved his business, how first responders sabotage their own potential, and what it really takes to build a winning culture and team in 2025. We also dive deep into limiting beliefs, environment, accountability, and the mindset every first responder needs if they want to level up their health, income, and identity. Whether you're in law enforcement, an entrepreneur, or someone ready for a transformation — this episode is loaded with real, tactical value. In This Episode You’ll Learn: 🔥 How a broken ankle pushed Ted into online coaching 🔥 The moment he realized he’d never go back to law enforcement 🔥 Why most fitness coaches never break past $10K months 🔥 The mindset shifts that create 6–7 figure entrepreneurs 🔥 How environment and accountability reshape your entire life 🔥 The fitness warning signs every first responder ignores 🔥 Why investing in yourself is the highest ROI decision you’ll ever make Your Network is Your NETWORTH! Make sure to add me on all SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS: Instagram: https://jo.my/paulalex2024 Facebook: https://jo.my/fbpaulalex2024 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNB9ivoJf7ppjuSplOAkEZw LinkedIn: https://jo.my/inpaulalex2024 Looking for a secondary source of income or want to become an entrepreneur? Check out one of my companies below to see if we can help you:www.CashSwipe.com FREE Copy of my book “Blue to Digital Gold - The New American Dream”www.officialPaulAlex.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this lecture, military historian Sarah Paine explains how Britain used sea control, peripheral campaigns, and alliances to defeat Nazi Germany during WWII. She then applies this framework to today, arguing that Russia and China are similarly constrained by their geography, making them vulnerable in any conflict with maritime powers (like the U.S. and its allies).

Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify.

Sponsors

* Labelbox partners with researchers to scope, generate, and deliver the exact data frontier models need, no matter the domain. Whether that’s multi-turn audio, SOTA robotics data, advanced STEM problem sets, or even novel RL environments, Labelbox delivers high-quality data, fast. Learn more at labelbox.com/dwarkesh

* Warp is the best interface I’ve found for coding with agents. It makes building custom tools easy: Warp’s UI helps you understand agent behavior and its in-line text editor is great for making tweaks. You can try Warp for free, or, for a limited time, use code DWARKESH to get Warp’s Pro Plan for only $5. Go to warp.dev/dwarkesh

To sponsor a future episode, visit dwarkesh.com/advertise.

Timestamps

00:00:00 – How WW1 shaped WW2

00:15:10 – Hitler and Churchill’s battle to command the Atlantic

00:30:10 – Peripheral theaters leading up to Normandy

00:37:13 – The Eastern front

00:48:04 – Russia’s & China’s geographic prisons

01:00:28 – Hitler’s blunders & America’s industrial might

01:15:03 – Bismarck’s limited wars vs Hitler’s total war

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Making money isn’t enough. If your household still feels financial stress… You’re not truly providing. In this episode of The Level Up Podcast, Paul Alex breaks down what real financial leadership looks like at home—and why earning income is only half the job. Because let’s be real… A paycheck doesn’t create peace. Structure does. In this episode, you’ll learn: Why true providers take full ownership of financial management How to eliminate stress at home through predictable systems Why organized personal finances unlock aggressive business growth How to create a “financial fortress” that protects your family Because real leadership isn’t just about building wealth… It’s about protecting the people you love from the chaos that comes with it. You carry the pressure. You manage the numbers. You create the stability. So your family doesn’t have to. No guessing. No stress. No financial confusion. Just clarity, control, and peace of mind. Your Network is your NETWORTH! Make sure to add me on all SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS: Instagram: https://jo.my/paulalex2024 Facebook: https://jo.my/fbpaulalex2024 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGhDAD1JyGGzSQUPD9lc9HQ LinkedIn: https://jo.my/inpaulalex2024 Looking for a secondary source of income or want to become an entrepreneur? Check out one of my companies below to see if we can help you: www.CashSwipe.com FREE Copy of my book “Blue to Digital Gold - The New American Dream”www.officialPaulAlex.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

MeidasTouch host Ben Meiselas reports on Donald Trump surrendering to Iran and giving them a deal where the IRGC will control the Strait or Hormuz and charge tolls forever. Get 15% OFF OneSkin with the code: MEIDAS at https://oneskin.co/MEIDAS Visit https://meidasplus.com for more! Visit https://meidasplus.com for more! Remember to subscribe to ALL the MeidasTouch Network Podcasts: MeidasTouch: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/meidastouch-podcast Legal AF: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/legal-af MissTrial: https://meidasnews.com/tag/miss-trial The PoliticsGirl Podcast: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-politicsgirl-podcast Cult Conversations: The Influence Continuum with Dr. Steve Hassan: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-influence-continuum-with-dr-steven-hassan The Weekend Show: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-weekend-show The Ken Harbaugh Show: https://meidasnews.com/tag/the-ken-harbaugh-show Majority 54: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/majority-54 On Democracy with FP Wellman: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/on-democracy-with-fpwellman Uncovered: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/maga-uncovered Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

(0:00) Bestie intros: Travis Kalanick joins the show!

(0:42) Mamdani taxes the rich: new pied-à-terre tax coming to NYC

(11:23) OpenAI's identity crisis: Leaked memo, enterprise pivot, Anhropic valuation flip
(27:28) Big Tech's compute dominance: How will this impact frontier labs?

(33:53) Allbirds stock up over 400% on AI pivot, and what's behind the datacenter disaster?

(54:37) The Price is Wrong: Name That Overvalued Startup ROUND 1

(59:23) Eric Swalwell drops out of CA governor race and resigns from Congress: Who knew what and when? Impact of the Democratic Machine

(1:10:31) State of the market: Confusing indicators, pricing in Iran peace, AI's mixed results, inflated valuations

(1:26:31) The Price is Wrong: Name That Overvalued Startup ROUND 2

Apply for Summit 2026:

https://allin.com/events

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https://x.com/travisk

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https://x.com/chamath

https://x.com/Jason

https://x.com/DavidSacks

https://x.com/friedberg

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Intro Music Credit:

https://rb.gy/tppkzl

https://x.com/yung_spielburg

Intro Video Credit:

https://x.com/TheZachEffect

Referenced in the show:

https://www.texastribune.org/2025/01/22/austin-texas-rents-falling

https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/13/openai-touts-amazon-alliance-in-memo-microsoft-limited-our-ability.html

https://polymarket.com/event/gpt-5pt5-released-on

https://www.ft.com/content/04ac7917-940b-4606-be5f-9eb895a7d982

https://x.com/RihardJarc/status/2044725910566220095

https://x.com/RoundtableSpace/status/2041897604708233650

https://x.com/chamath/status/2043811625967530056

https://x.com/pmarca/status/2042742413098450998

https://www.reuters.com/business/allbirds-shares-jump-over-400-plans-pivot-ai-sneakers-2026-04-15

https://www.wsj.com/business/data-centers-are-a-gold-rush-for-construction-workers-6e3c5ce0

https://x.com/zerohedge/status/2043520934930239860

https://x.com/APompliano/status/2041946174677217733

https://x.com/IAPolls2022/status/2041589297489305717

https://www.tmz.com/2026/04/13/tmzdc-staff-starts-today

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/eric-swalwell-drops-bid-california-governor-sexual-misconduct-allegati-rcna277009

https://x.com/great_martis/status/2044454944808571015

https://x.com/GlobalMktObserv/status/2044059352466690501

https://x.com/mattcerminaro/status/2044546097230626819

https://www.politico.com/news/2026/04/13/influencers-allegations-eric-swalwell-00869517

https://x.com/JoeBiden/status/1815080881981190320

https://x.com/TimRunsHisMouth/status/1815088017847333273

https://www.npr.org/2024/07/08/nx-s1-5032737/biden-tells-democrats-stop-speculation

John Fogerty is a Grammy-winning solo musician, former leader of Creedence Clearwater Revival, and an inductee of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. His latest album is “Legacy: The Creedence Clearwater Revival Years.”www.concordrecords.com/collections/john-fogerty/products/legacy-the-creedence-clearwater-revival-years-liberty-2lp-vinylwww.youtube.com/johnfogertywww.johnfogerty.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices