--:-- [Upbeat music fades out]
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Happy Memorial Day! Maybe you're having a barbecue? And if you are, maybe you're going to throw some shrimp on the barbie?
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Hi Barbie! Hi Barbie! Hi Barbies! Hi Barbie! Hi Barbie!
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Fun fact, Americans eat more shrimp than any other seafood. We eat, on average, about 6 pounds of shrimp per person. We eat more shrimp than the next two most popular seafoods combined. That's more shrimp than tuna and salmon together. That's a lot of shrimp.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): But how did shrimp get so big? And where's all that shrimp coming from? And should you be eating so much of it? Those are not Today Explained questions. Those are Gastropod questions.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): And while Today Explained enjoys this federal holiday, Gastropod is going to bring you the answers.
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--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Support for this show comes from ServiceNow. AI is only as powerful as the platform it's built into, don't you know? That's why it's no surprise that more than 85% of the Fortune 500 use the ServiceNow AI platform.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Didn't know that. While other platforms duct tape tools together, ServiceNow seamlessly unifies people, data, workflows, and AI, connecting every corner of your business.
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--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Support for this show comes from Macy's. Layering is an art form. All it takes is a bit of intention, style, and of course, the perfect cold weather staples.
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--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Explore the Macy's Fall Guide for yourself and shop in-store or online at Macy's.com.
--:-- [Music transitions to a more subdued tone]
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Anyway, like I was saying, shrimp is the fruit of the sea. You can barbecue it, boil it, broil it, bake it, saute it, daisem. Today explained, but it's not.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): What it is is a holiday, so we're bringing you an episode of Gastropod about what you might be cooking up today.
--:-- [Music transitions to a more upbeat tone]
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): When author Paul Greenberg was a kid in the 70s and 80s, there was an ad on TV from a local chain restaurant called Beefsteak Charlie's.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Contrary to what you might expect, Beefsteak Charlie's big draw was actually unlimited shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I found the old commercial, and it's this couple comes into Beefsteak Charlie's and they go, oh, shrimp, oh, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp. Oh, shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And they get themselves into a lather, and all they're saying is shrimp again and again and again.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp pretty much captures how the majority of Americans then and now feel about shrimp, which translates to yes please, more please.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But this utopia of endless shrimp in which we now live, it's a pretty recent upgrade to American life.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I would say if you were to look 50 years ago, shrimp certainly wouldn't be anywhere near the top of the top five seafoods consumed.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): There wasn't even a commercial shrimp industry in America till relatively recently.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Big shrimp got started in the late 1800s with dried shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Some of the earliest shrimp fishermen in the United States were Chinese immigrants who came to San Francisco Bay and they pursued a shrimp that was native to San Francisco Bay, dried those shrimp and sent them back to China.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Bay Area shrimp got pretty much fished out and the waters were also polluted during the gold rush.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And so Asian immigrants moved to the Gulf of Mexico to take advantage of all the shrimp that thrived there.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The shrimp they dried and shipped overseas was the first commercial shrimp industry in the Gulf of Mexico, but it was pretty small and seasonal.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It wasn't until the early 1900s when food in tin cans really caught on that the Gulf shrimp went national.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But to most Americans, especially those who didn't live along the coast, shrimp were still pretty weird.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Shrimp were being canned and shipped out to American households from Gulf states like Louisiana and Mississippi.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But inland Americans had no idea what to do with these odd bug-like crustaceans.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The seafood marketers in the Gulf of Mexico really made a push to try and get people to eat shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And that's when the shrimp cocktail really emerges as this kind of national fancy food.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It was the Jazz Age and everyone was wearing cocktail dresses while they sipped cocktails out of cocktail glasses in cocktail lounges.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And shrimp canners marketed the shrimp cocktail as the height of sophistication.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): After World War II, other technologies improved that allowed shrimp to be frozen and transported.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And so fresh-tasting shrimp could be used in cocktails, not canned shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the shrimp cocktail itself remained super ritzy.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I remember I had one friend, her father worked for MetLife, and they would have these big cocktail parties, and they would serve shrimp cocktail.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And the score of all scores was to get an invite to my friend Andrea's father's MetLife shrimp parties and get your hands on some MetLife shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): MetLife shrimp parties sound fantastic.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But behind the scenes, things were not so pretty.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): By the 70s and 80s, Gulf shrimp fishermen had a well-deserved, terrible reputation for killing sea turtles that got caught in their nets, as well as a ton of other fish.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It all got thrown out as bycatch.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The government and environmental groups worked with shrimp fishermen.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Together, they designed and refined nets that kept out sea turtles and most of the non-shrimp fish that were collateral damage.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the early designs also kept a lot of shrimp out of the nets.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's very controversial.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I sat on the shrimp task force and, you know, it was a big fight to try and stop these turtle-excluder devices.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Lance Nacio is a shrimper in Louisiana, and he was involved in testing and then redesigning the nets.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): There weren't a lot of other shrimpers willing to work with him at first.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They thought they were going to be put out of business, you know, because when they first came out with it, there was a lot more shrimp loss.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): John Fallon is the Director of Sustainability and Coastal Conservation for the Audubon Nature Institute.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He says cleaning up the gulf shrimp fishing business took decades.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): We've seen them make the effort because they don't want to harm turtles.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And it worked. Turtle numbers went up.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): John told us that Gulf shrimping became a truly sustainable fishery.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Finally, that ritzy shrimp cocktail was ethical as well as sophisticated.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But while all of this was going on in the Gulf of Mexico, something was being invented half a world away that was set to turn the entire shrimp industry on its head.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Asian shrimp farming.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): For thousands of years, especially in Asia, shrimp people had been doing what they could to make shrimp more plentiful and easy to catch.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Basically, they looked at where shrimp were already abundant.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Shrimps spend part of their lives along the coast in swamps.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In Asia, they're often found in mangrove forests, these swampy forests with trees that have roots that look like knobby knees poking out of the water.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): People cleared out small ponds in the mangroves where they'd feed baby shrimp with food scraps and use fences and nets to keep out predators and keep in the shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It wasn't really shrimp farming, more like shrimp ranching.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And the shrimp were definitely still on their own when it came to breeding.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But that all changed starting in 1930.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The first place that it happened was in Japan with this creature that was called the Kuruma prawn.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These particular shrimp were famous for being used in a dish called dancing shrimp, where they were doused with alcohol.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And when that alcohol was set on fire, the shrimp wiggled and looked like they were dancing.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It was a pricey dish, and the shrimp were quite valuable, so there was a financial incentive to figuring out how to raise them on a farm.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the costs of all the R&D required to actually farm shrimp successfully were also pretty high.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It took decades just to figure out how to get shrimp to spawn in captivity.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Before this one Japanese scientist, Dr. Motosako Fujinaga, got going with his research, no one even knew what shrimp larvae looked like, much less what to feed them.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Dr. Fujinaga figured out that shrimp need to eat different foods at different life stages.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This breakthrough meant farmers could raise them in captivity.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But for a long time, no one could figure out how to get them to make sweet shrimp love and new shrimp babies.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I don't even know how they stumbled upon this, but they found that shrimp have eye stalks.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Their eyes are sort of on the end of these stalks.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And they figured out that if you clipped off one eye stalk, the shrimp would suddenly become able to reproduce.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Finally, after decades of this kind of trial and error, the mysteries of shrimp farming seem to have been solved.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And by the 1990s, shrimp farming in general just took off, which had a pretty immediate impact on what Americans eat.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The price certainly plummeted and the consumption just soared.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is all economics.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Take a poor Thai rice farmer. If he switched to farming shrimp instead, he would literally multiply his annual income by about 10.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The World Bank immediately seized on shrimp farming as a way to bring Southeast Asian farmers out of poverty.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They started dishing out loans to help them get in on the shrimp farming boom.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And then in America, shrimp were making a lot of money for restaurant owners, too.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Shrimp had been seen as fancy, highly desirable food.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So once the prices plummeted and you could put shrimp on everything, people loved the idea.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The new farmed shrimp were half the price of what they'd been before.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So restaurant owners could suggest you add shrimp to your pasta for a few extra dollars.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They'd still make bank on a 300% markup.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It was a golden time for shrimp, and Americans ate it up.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Between the 1980s and today, American shrimp consumption quadrupled.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Welcome to the all-you-can-eat shrimp buffet.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): All-you-can-eat! All-you-can-eat!
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Which Americans, like Homer Simpson, took pretty literally.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): That man ate all our shrimp and two plastic lobsters.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But like all bargains, this all-you-can-eat shrimp fiesta was too good to be true in the end.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The advertisements go shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, shrimp, but it should really be mangrove, mangrove, mangrove, mangrove.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It turns out that mangroves actually are really important in terms of protecting coasts and providing habitat for lots of fish and other seafood.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But they were being destroyed wholesale to make space for shrimp farms.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Over the past few decades, as much as 80% of the mangrove forests in some estuaries were destroyed.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Overall, the countries that got heavily into shrimp farming, like Thailand and Vietnam, they lost between a quarter and nearly a half of their mangroves.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the environment isn't the only hidden cost of shrimp farming.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): People have been getting hurt, too.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): One important thing to understand is that in the ocean, shrimp will eat just anything floating around, whether it's plant matter or little bits of dead fish.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But in these newfangled shrimp farms, the shrimp can't just graze on seagrass and nibble on whatever floats by.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Instead, the farmers feed them frequent servings of ground-up fish.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And that fish has to be caught.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These fish are tiny little forage fish, and they're caught way out in the middle of the ocean with basically no oversight from any government.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Ian Urbina founded an investigative nonprofit called The Outlaw Ocean Project, and he's reported on what it's like to work on one of those fishing boats.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is straight out of Dickens.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is like something of a different century.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These boats, they have a lot of child labor.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The conditions are dirty.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The days are impossibly long, 20 hours.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And the workplace itself makes everything about it even worse.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These boats are typically filthy.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): There are lots of machines and sounds and smells and noise.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And the ship is constantly pitching and moving all around you, up and down, side to side.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's super slippery.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's a nightmare.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And beatings and violence are fairly commonplace on these vessels.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So this is what we're dealing with in some of these fleets.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's a brutality I've never seen in any other industry.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They've often paid money to even be able to get jobs like these, and that gets them into something called debt bondage, where they're supposedly working off that debt.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In reality, it means they're often not paid and also not allowed to leave.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is basically modern-day slavery.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): As if that all isn't bad enough, there typically isn't enough fresh food on board, so vitamin deficiency diseases are common.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They don't have antibiotics, so cuts get infected and get gross.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's just unimaginably grim.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Ian started reporting on the conditions aboard the fishing boats a decade ago, and at the same time, journalists at The Guardian and at the AP broke a series of stories on the horrors at the shrimp farms themselves on shore in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They found the working conditions were abusive and unsafe, there was child labor, and some people were subject to modern-day slavery.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): When the stories broke, Thailand had been a real focus of a lot of those queries and were under a lot of international pressure to reform their labor systems.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Thailand had been the big exporter of shrimp to America, but after all this bad press, the industry moved.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These days, the largest portion of shrimp consumed in the U.S. comes from India.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): That, too, is a pretty recent development.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Over a third of the shrimp that Americans eat comes from India.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In fact, if you're talking about pre-peeled shrimp, it's a full 60 percent.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So did things get better when shrimp farms moved to India?
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): That's coming up after the break.
--:-- [Music transitions to a more subdued tone]
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Support for Today Explained comes from Chime.
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--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Are you happy with your job?
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Like, really happy?
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): The unfortunate fact is that a huge number of people can't say yes to that.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Far too many of us are stuck in a job we've outgrown, or one we never wanted in the first place.
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--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): Shrimp salad, shrimp and potatoes, shrimp burger, shrimp sandwich.
--:-- Host (Sean Rameswaram): That's that's about it.
--:-- [Music transitions to a more upbeat tone]
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Welcome back to Gastropod on Today Explained.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Last we heard, we were going to find out if the shrimp industry got less icky once it moved to India.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): It's middle of the night.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I get a WhatsApp message from one of the managers who was on site.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He's telling me that one of the migrant workers is running through the water treatment portion of the plant because there's no security there.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The security guard at the main gate wouldn't let her out.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So yeah, that was first red flag.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is a recording that Ian's Outlaw Ocean Project made of the testimony of a guy called Josh Farinella.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Josh has been in the seafood industry for more than a decade.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He started working at an Indian shrimp processing plant in 2023 as plant manager.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And almost right away, he realized things weren't right.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Josh contacted Ian and became a whistleblower, and his story was just released.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He reported on what was going on at the plant.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He gathered all sorts of documentation for Ian.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Josh's evidence showed that labor abuses were the norm in this shrimp processing plant.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): There was overcrowding, low pay, and some evidence of modern-day slavery.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So we'd already been paying 350 rupees a day, 100 rupees a day, less than minimum wage.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They work seven days a week.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They have not had a day off in over a year now.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And they aren't able to just leave on their own.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Josh didn't gather any evidence of child labor, but another major report that came out recently called Hidden Harvest by a group called the Corporate Accountability Lab.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They also investigated the cost of shrimp farming in India, and they did find child labor throughout the industry.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They also uncovered evidence of workers on shrimp farms handling hazardous chemicals without protective gear, and workers in the processing plants suffering from frostbite and rashes from handling the shrimp all day, again, without the right protective equipment.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Indian shrimp ends up all over America at restaurants like Olive Garden, at restaurant suppliers like Cisco and U.S. Foods, and at grocery stores like Kroger's, Safeway, Whole Foods, Walmart, Costco, Aldi, literally everywhere.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): What's especially messed up about this is that American companies are supposed to make sure that the shrimp they sell meets American standards.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): As an example, before Aldi buys our product, they have to verify that we have certain certifications in place.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And this should cover everything that you could possibly want covered.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): That verification takes the form of in-person audits.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So why aren't those auditors reporting all these problems?
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The problem is they only see what you allow them to see.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): We use two external peeling sheds.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They're literally sheds.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They're off-site.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They are unregulated.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): They're generally off the books.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Certainly no auditors coming through there.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The off-site peeling sheds are totally hidden, and that's where a lot of the work is actually done.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The conditions there are horrendous.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): At Josh's plant, the bathrooms at the off-site sheds had no toilet paper and no running water for workers to wash their hands, and they're handling food.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The off-site peeling shed he went to was just open air and kind of because it was summer, it was pretty hot.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So it's a hot place.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): You're having to peel, and you've got to keep up a certain pace for reasons of spoilage.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Spoilage and potential food poisoning is one thing, but there's also the problem of illegal antibiotics that are used to keep the shrimp healthy in the overcrowded and dirty ponds they're grown in.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Shrimp with antibiotics to the company line would be illegal not to be shipped.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In reality, we ship it on a regular basis.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This is something we talk about a lot on Gastropod.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The overuse of antibiotics in animals for food is helping contribute to antibiotic resistance and that means the drugs we have to treat diseases don't always work anymore and people can die.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Which is why, in theory, imported food is supposed to be tested for things like antibiotics and other chemicals that are illegal in the U.S.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In Europe, 50%, 5-0% of shrimp that comes into Europe is checked for drugs, so antifungals, antibiotics.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In the U.S., less than 1% is checked.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And we import more, way more shrimp than Europe does.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The story of why the FDA only inspects a frankly shrimp-sized amount of the seafood we import is a whole other saga.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the end result is that Americans are eating shrimp that doesn't meet U.S. safety standards all the time.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): All of this is shocking.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But to be honest, another super depressing thing is that the company that Josh was working at was in the process of applying for, and probably getting approved for, a label called BAP, or Best Aquaculture Practices.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And that is meant to imply that they've been held to a higher standard on labor.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But as Ian's reporting and the Hidden Harvest Report show, these kinds of labels clearly don't actually mean very much.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The Hidden Harvest report concluded that labels like this function as, quote, little more than marketing ploys.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In the wake of these two recent investigations, Congress is already meeting to talk about the problems with our shrimp supply.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But the challenge is that if pressure isn't constant, it's easy for the situation to slide.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Ian said this is just what's happening in Thailand.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Thailand began trying to impose a whole bunch of reforms, got a lot of pressure from major Western companies, buyers of seafood.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And some seem to be happening.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): What I hear now is it's all getting rolled back.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And that's largely because the attention of media and advocacy has shifted to other places.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So this is all bad news for America's shrimp lovers.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Meanwhile, back in the Gulf, America's shrimp fishermen have been dealing with this cheap farmed shrimp flooding into the country since the 90s.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And they've not been super into it.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Oh, I mean, well, it ticked them off.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Huge amounts of shrimp poured into the market at very much below the cost of what it takes to bring a wild shrimp to market.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This means it's becoming impossible to make it as an American shrimper.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Lance Nacio is one of these endangered fishermen.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): We visited him as he was packing up shrimp that he'd frozen on his boat.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): These days, Lance often ships directly to consumers and sells at farmers markets.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): I'm the third generation, and my son is the captain of my boat.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He's out right now.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): He's the fourth generation.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So that's a 20-pound box of 1620 plate frozen shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And 1620 means how many shrimp are in a pound.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So the smaller the number, the bigger the shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Lance is still fishing for shrimp, but he told us that all around him, his neighbors and former colleagues, they're giving up.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): What I've seen in my lifetime of shrimping is that we're losing fishermen, we're losing businesses, we're losing a working waterfront, because we can't sustain it with the cheap dockside prices.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Yeah.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Fishing used to be a multi-generational family business, right?
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): You could pass it down.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And what we've really seen over the last, I would say, 10 to 20 years is that that's no longer the case.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): In some ports, shrimpers say there are 80% fewer boats than there were a couple of decades ago before the cheap imports hit the market.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): We're not seeing new people enter into the fishery anymore because they don't see much of a future in it or it's financially not feasible.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And so really, I would say in the past year, it's the worst I've ever seen it and it's the worst many have ever seen it.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): The price for shrimp has been dragged down so low by the farmed product that Gulf shrimpers literally can't sell their catch at that price and still cover their costs.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): So the restaurants and grocery stores end up buying the cheaper imported shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): More than 90% of all shrimp eaten in the U.S. today are imported farm-raised shrimp.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): Even in New Orleans, which is just over an hour away from where Lance ducks his boat, even in fancy restaurants in the French Quarter, the shrimp that's on almost every menu, it's mostly imported.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): And this is why Lance's colleagues are quitting.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): But everyone we spoke to said that if fishermen carry on getting out of the business at the rate they're quitting right now, it will literally only be a matter of years until there isn't an active shrimp fishery in the Gulf anymore.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): We're at a really, we're at a breaking point here, where if people don't support this fishery and buy the product, which is the number one thing you can do to help support it, like, I don't know what it's going to look like in another 10 years.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): That's how bad it is.
--:-- Host (Nicola Twilley): This