--:-- [Up First theme music plays]
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: At a NATO summit, President Biden reassured world leaders about the strength of their alliance. How does he reassure his party about the strength of his presidential campaign? The president is under pressure abroad and at home.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: I'm Sasha Pfeiffer with Steve Inskeep, and this is Up First from NPR News.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Ukraine's president turned up for the NATO summit, and he spoke of a missile strike on a children's hospital back home.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Coming up, we have an assessment of the damage. Also, an NPR investigation illuminates part of the process for death row in Texas. The state executes people through lethal injection using a sedative, and a state law shields information about the executions.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Our colleagues visit the pharmacy that provides the drugs. Stay with us. We've got the news you need to start your day.
--:-- [Up First theme music continues]
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: This message comes from NPR sponsor Adobe. Introducing the all-new Adobe Acrobat Studio, now with AI-powered PDF spaces.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Need to turn 100 pages of market research into five insights with a click? Templates for a sales proposal that'll close that deal? Or an AI specialist to tailor the tone of your market report? You can do all that with the all-new Adobe Acrobat Studio.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Learn more at adobe.com slash do that with Acrobat.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: U.S. allies have a reminder this week of how much their fate is tied to the U.S. presidential election. They're in Washington for a NATO summit, and President Biden spoke there about how the North Atlantic Alliance came to the defense of the U.S. after the 9-11 attacks and is now working to support Ukraine.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Again and again, we stood behind our shared vision of a peaceful and prosperous transatlantic community. Here at this summit, we gather to proclaim NATO is ready and able to secure that vision today and well into the future.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: But Biden himself is under pressure. He's trying to reassure Democratic lawmakers, donors, and the allies in the room that he can win this fall's election and serve for more years.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: When Trump was president, he had difficult relations with European leaders. Trump has also sometimes praised Russia's leader and said he will end the Ukraine war, although he hasn't specified how.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR senior national political correspondent Mara Liason joins us now. Mara, good morning.
--:-- Mara Liason: Good morning.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: In an interview last week to reassure voters that he's up to the job, Biden told George Stephanopoulos, watch me at this NATO summit. So we were watching. What did he do?
--:-- Mara Liason: Well, you heard him give a ringing endorsement of the principles of the alliance from the very same room, the Mellon Auditorium, where the treaty was signed 75 years ago.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: In terms of style, you're right. Biden has been under a microscope since his disastrous debate with former President Donald Trump. This speech last night was from a teleprompter. He did deliver it clearly and firmly.
--:-- Mara Liason: In terms of substance, it was music to the ears of NATO leaders. Biden said there's a bipartisan commitment to the alliance. He quoted former Republican President Ronald Reagan saying, if fellow democracies are threatened, we are threatened too.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Of course, that's the idea behind Article 5, which is the beating heart of NATO. That's an attack on one is an attack on all.
--:-- Mara Liason: How are Europeans viewing this moment? Well, many European leaders are very nervous. This election represents an existential moment for NATO.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: The U president wields tremendous pretty much unchecked executive power when it comes to foreign policy. And the contrast, as you said, between Biden and Trump on NATO couldn't be clearer.
--:-- Mara Liason: Trump has had a consistent antipathy towards NATO. He had to be talked by his aides into staying in the alliance during his first term. He famously said he would let Russia do, quote, whatever the hell they want to.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NATO members who he thought didn't spend enough on their defense. And Biden last night noted that under his leadership, NATO members have boosted their defense spending.
--:-- Mara Liason: In the year 2020, the year I was elected president, only nine NATO allies are spending two percent of their defense, GDP on defense. This year, 23 will spend at least 2 percent.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Biden is very, very proud of his legacy that under his watch, NATO has expanded. Sweden and Finland joined.
--:-- Mara Liason: Yeah, and not a small point that he mentions there. Trump's attack on NATO was built around the idea that they're not spending enough, which is a bipartisan idea. Obama said this, then Trump said it.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: President Biden is saying that most of them are now spending up to the levels that they committed to. But what does he say about the challenges the alliance faces now?
--:-- Mara Liason: Biden said Russian President Vladimir Putin wants to wipe Ukraine off the map and that Putin won't stop there.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Biden said the U.S. and some other allies are going to be giving Ukraine more air defense systems. The contrast to Trump was implicit. Trump has been extremely positive towards Putin and negative towards Ukraine.
--:-- Mara Liason: Many Republicans in Congress were reluctant to provide more funding for Ukraine this year and held it up for months.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Now, Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky is at this summit. Today, he'll be meeting with Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson, and tomorrow he meets with Biden.
--:-- Mara Liason: Very briefly, where does he stand with the Democrats who are worried about his candidacy?
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Well, he's dug in. He says he won't step aside despite polls showing significant movement to Trump in the battleground states, and Democrats are beside themselves.
--:-- Mara Liason: They're worried they're going to lose the White House and that Republicans will keep the House and take the Senate.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And Piers Mar-Eliasson, thanks so much.
--:-- Mara Liason: You're welcome.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Ukraine's president is also here in Washington, meeting leaders of the alliance that his country would like to join. And he's saying that Russia will stop at nothing in its campaign to take over Ukraine.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Zelensky spoke at the Reagan Institute here, reminding his audience of a missile strike on a children's hospital this week in the capital, Kiev.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Russia always knows where its missiles hit. Always. A direct hit in the hospital building.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: NPR's Ashley Westerman has been monitoring reaction to that attack. She joins us from Lviv. Hi, Ashley.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Hi.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: How significant is it that this particular hospital was hit?
--:-- Ashley Westerman: So the Okhmadit Hospital is Ukraine's largest pediatric hospital. It's known for treating child cancer and organ transplants.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: And the hospital's CEO says the toxicology and trauma departments, as well as Ukraine's only blood cancer treatment lab, were destroyed in Monday's strike.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Yano Habikt is the World Health Organization country director for Ukraine based in Kiev. It was devastating.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: We walked in the hospitals in several wards where equipment was damaged. We saw healthcare workers, patients, children with their parents in the shelter, but then also the ambulances coming to take away the children to the new hospitals.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Now, Sasha, no children died, but two adults did. And two days later, rescuers are still trying to dig people out of the rubble.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Now, Ukrainians are, of course, shocked and angry at what happened. But Habikt says Russian missiles hitting civilian infrastructure is not new.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: WHO has monitored, verified, and reported 1,882 attacks on health. So we have seen numerous attacks through all this war over the last two years.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And now when these things happen, Russia typically says they were actually aiming at something else and a hospital or clinic happens to get hit. And that's the same thing they said about what happened on Monday.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Ashley, you mentioned shock and anger, of course. What else are you hearing about reaction to the strike?
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: So Ukrainians are taking to the Internet and saying, see, Russia even kills children to achieve their goals here.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Outside of Ukraine, the condemnations have rolled in from Kiev's allies. President Biden called the attack, quote, a horrific reminder of Russia's brutality.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: The U.K.'s new prime minister, Sir Keir Starmer, said attacking a children's hospital was, in his words, the most depraved of actions.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: And NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said it was a horrendous and heinous attack.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Speaking of NATO, the NATO summit is happening in D.C. right now and long-term aid to Ukraine is on the agenda.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Do Ukrainians have any sense of whether this hospital attack could move the needle at this summit in terms of getting more aid to Ukraine?
--:-- Ashley Westerman: So Ukrainians would certainly like to think the attack has created some momentum in their favor. And President Volodymyr Zelensky is not going to let attendees of the summit forget it.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: But Michael Kaufman at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is skeptical.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: My view of events of this type is that most of the substance tends to be agreed prior to the summit itself, and that the summit is more of a convening event than not.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So really, Sasha, we'll just have to wait and see how the NATO summit goes.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: That's NPR's Ashley Westerman in Lviv. Thank you.
--:-- Ashley Westerman: Thank you.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Some other news now. Texas executes more people than any other state, and it carries out those executions using one drug, a sedative called pentabarbital.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: This morning, we have news of how Texas does that. Most major pharmaceutical companies refuse to provide their medicines for executions.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: States have passed laws allowing them to hide the names of companies involved. But NPR investigative reporter Kiara Eisner found and talked with a pharmacist who recently made the drug for Texas out of a pharmacy in San Antonio, and she's here in Studio 31 to talk about it.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: Good morning, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So how did you find out which pharmacy made these drugs?
--:-- Kiara Eisner: I looked at documents from the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Clues in there indicated it was a company in San Antonio called Right Away Pharmacy and Medical Supply.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: They had been working with the state since at least 2019. Right Away is what known as a compounding pharmacy. It mixes its own drugs from raw ingredients and those drugs aren't improved by the FDA.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: I talked with former workers at the company and eventually called one of the owners, Rohit Chaudhary. He confirmed his company provided lethal drugs to the state, but said another pharmacist was mostly responsible.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So then I called that pharmacist, and he was honest about being the one who mixed the ingredients together and prepared the pentobarbital injections.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: He did say the work bothered him at times, but that he had made peace with it. I guess I satiated my guilt with the knowledge that, you know, whatever they did was deserving of capital punishment.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And I'm not the one who decided that they would get that punishment. I was just the one that provided the means for it.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: Really interesting glimpse into the life of someone who participates in this process and also into this pharmacy, which has an interesting track record in Texas.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: That's right. So during the time that it was making this drug and as Texas executed more than 20 people, inspection documents from the Texas State Board of Pharmacy indicated that right away violated state rules, some of them around cleanliness and sterile drug preparation, more than a dozen times.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: And then in 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice sued another right-of-way branch because it, quote, fueled and profited from the opioid epidemic.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Attorneys there alleged at least one person died from an overdose shortly after the pharmacy prescribed her a high amount of fentanyl. The company denied liability but paid a $275,000 fine.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: Critics of the death penalty say pharmacies with histories like that shouldn't be trusted by states to make drugs used in executions.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: But they're doing the work. Why did they agree to do this work?
--:-- Kiara Eisner: It could have been for the money, but here's the pharmacist again, who we've agreed to keep anonymous. It was probably in the very low five digits. It was not a big moneymaker at all.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And I even had the guys from DOC saying, you know, you can charge more for this.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: The Department of Criminal Justice declined to talk about any of this with me. Texas plans to execute a prisoner named Ruben Gutierrez with pentobarbital on July 16th.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: I asked whether the state intends to use drugs from right away to stop his heart next week, but the Department of Criminal Justice declined to comment on that too.
--:-- Kiara Eisner: Okay, Kira Eisner of NPR's investigations team, thanks so much.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Thanks.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: And that's Up First for this Wednesday, July 10th. I'm Steve Inskeep. And I'm Sasha Pfeiffer.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Your next listen is Consider This from NPR. We here at Up First give you the three big stories of the day. Our Consider This colleagues take a different approach. They dive into a single news story and what it means to you in just 15 minutes.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Listen now on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Today's Up First was edited by Roberta Rampton, John Helton, Robert Little, Jenea Williams, and Alice Wolfley.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: It was produced by Ziad Butch, Ben Abrams, and Katie Klein, who's our director today.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: We get engineering support from Stacey Abbott, and our technical director is Nisha Hines, without whom you would not hear my voice.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Join us tomorrow.
