--:-- [Up First theme music fades out]
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Fighting across the Israel-Lebanon border has quieted after days of bombardment. The immediate threat of a broader regional war seems to have lessened for now, but in Gaza, the humanitarian crisis continues.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): I'm Michelle Martin, that's Michelle Martin, and this is Up First from NPR News.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): A planned merger between the two biggest supermarket chains in the nation is under a lot of scrutiny. More than 100,000 public comments were submitted and federal regulators want to stop the deal. What would it mean for your grocery bill?
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And at least two towns in Massachusetts are closing public parks at night because of a deadly mosquito-borne illness. This is a recommendation nobody wants to hear kind of at the end of summer, but it is part of this sort of layered prevention strategy.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from BetterHelp. President Fernando Madeira describes how BetterHelp online therapy has helped him.
--:-- President Fernando Madeira: For me, sometimes I just need to go and talk to somebody that is not going to judge me, right? It's going to be there and they're going to listen to me. And I can start just saying, look, I'm not feeling right today. And it feels natural.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): To get matched with a therapist, visit BetterHelp.com slash NPR for 10% off your first month.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from NetSuite. What does the future hold for business? Can someone invent a crystal ball?
--:-- NetSuite Representative: Until then, over 42,000 businesses have future-proofed their business with NetSuite by Oracle, the number one AI cloud ERP, bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, and HR into one platform.
--:-- NetSuite Representative: With real-time insights and forecasting, you're able to peer into the future and seize new opportunities.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Download the CFO's Guide to AI and Machine Learning for free at netsuite.com slash story.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from Progressive Insurance. Do you ever find yourself playing the budgeting game?
--:-- Progressive Representative: Well, with the Name Your Price tool from Progressive, you can find options that fit your budget and potentially lower your bills.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Try it at Progressive.com. Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and Affiliates. Price and coverage match limited by state law. Not available in all states.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): The biggest supermarket merger in U.S. history is in the hands of a federal judge. Government regulators are asking a district court in Oregon to stop the proposed deal that would combine Kroger and Albertsons, the two top supermarket chains in the nation.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): The planned merger has been under review for almost two years. NPR's Alina Seljuk has been following this, and she's right here with me now.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Good morning.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Good morning. Why is this merger so controversial?
--:-- Alina Seljuk: It touches on the hottest topic of the year, grocery prices. These are also stores we're all familiar with. They're called different things in different parts of the country.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Kroger owns Fred Meyer, King Soopers, Harris Teeter, a bunch of others. Albertsons owns Vons and Safeway. That's why this deal is so big. It's worth $25 billion.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: The government lawyer actually said over 100,000 people submitted public comments on the merger to the Federal Trade Commission. Unprecedented interest for this agency.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: And the opening statements during the hearing had one overarching theme, which I think goes to the heart of the case, which is, will combining two of the largest supermarket chains into one lead to higher prices for shoppers?
--:-- Alina Seljuk: So let's hear the arguments on both sides. Take us through it.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: OK, so the Federal Trade Commission argues prices will go up. You start with two competitors that constantly watch each other's prices. You take one of those competitors away. That's more power for the new grocery giant, fewer options for shoppers.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Now the companies say that Kroger actually already has lower prices than Albertsons and will invest in dropping those Albertsons prices immediately.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: And then they raised an existential question of are they really that big when you think about how Americans shop for groceries
--:-- Alina Seljuk: That's interesting. So who are they talking about here? You know, the amount of times that Walmart came up on the first day of this case was staggering.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Kroger and Albertsons name-dropped every store under the sun. Walmart, Costco, Amazon, Trader Joe's, Discounter, Aldi, even Dollar General and Walgreens.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: The companies argued these are the biggest threat. They kept saying they are two regional chains, which they are. But national giants like Walmart and Costco have much bigger sway over suppliers.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: They buy food at lower prices to begin with. and that only together can Kroger and Albertsons go nationwide and compete with them.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Albertsons' lawyer actually went as far as to say that if Kroger is not allowed to buy it, Albertsons could wither over a few years.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: So what's the federal regulators take on those claims?
--:-- Alina Seljuk: The government argues these stores are not the same. They do not replace your local supermarket where Kroger and Albertsons often compete head to head.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: For example, you have to pay for membership at Costco. So selection is much smaller, dollar stores or Trader Joe's.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: And if you buy a soda and a candy at a CVS, you'll still go to your nearest grocery store.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: So, Alina, it sounds like this case is mostly focused on the impact on consumers. Is that right?
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Yes, mostly on shoppers. But government lawyers are putting focus on workers, too, which is new for a case like this.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Kroger and Albertsons are union shops, which is rare in the world of grocers. And they say that if they can't compete against Walmarts of the world, that's a win for non-union employers.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: The government argues a merger would give them more power over union negotiations, give workers fewer options.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: So before we let you go, is there any sense of how this case is going?
--:-- Alina Seljuk: It will be a slog. This one will be a few weeks.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: There are actually three lawsuits in total trying to stop the deal and one sort of countersuit from Kroger against the federal government.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: And it's all coming to a head right when everyone is talking about high grocery prices, including presidential candidates.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Alina, thank you.
--:-- Alina Seljuk: Thank you.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): A Massachusetts town is closing its playing fields in parks at dusk to try and stop a nasty mosquito-borne disease from spreading it's called eastern equine encephalitis.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Health officials in another town are so concerned they're even encouraging people to stay home after 6 p.m.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): NPR's Ping Wong joins us now to tell us some more.
--:-- Ping Wong: So last week we talked about parvo virus. Sounded like a thing for dogs.
--:-- Ping Wong: This one has equine in the title, so I'm going to think horses.
--:-- Ping Wong: Yep. This one affects both horses and people.
--:-- Ping Wong: And it's a very rare disease. Overall, the U.S. sees about a dozen human cases of it a year.
--:-- Ping Wong: But it is considered the most deadly mosquito-borne disease in North America. It's got a mortality rate between 30% and 50%.
--:-- Ping Wong: And that's why this recent case in Massachusetts has sparked a lot of concern.
--:-- Ping Wong: All right. So tell us about that case.
--:-- Ping Wong: Yeah. Yeah, so earlier this month in Massachusetts, health officials announced one case of eastern equine encephalitis.
--:-- Ping Wong: They call it triple E. And this was in a man in his 80s in Worcester County, which is sort of in the south central part of the state.
--:-- Ping Wong: It's the first human case that they've seen in four years. But also this year, they've been detecting it in a lot of the mosquitoes they've tested.
--:-- Ping Wong: They found it also in another part of the state called Plymouth near Cape Cod. And that case was actually in a horse.
--:-- Ping Wong: All right. So that's why they're prompting, that's prompting Plymouth to double down on closing their fields in parts at dusk.
--:-- Ping Wong: Yeah and not even let athletic teams practice after that because that when the mosquitoes that are most likely to spread the virus are biting
--:-- Ping Wong: I spoke with Catherine Brown about it. She a state epidemiologist for Massachusetts
--:-- Ping Wong: This is a recommendation nobody wants to hear kind of at the end of summer. I am entirely sympathetic to that, but it is part of this sort of layered prevention strategy that we have.
--:-- Ping Wong: Brown says that they've also been spraying insecticide in some neighborhoods and there's no vaccines or treatments for it in humans.
--:-- Ping Wong: So health authorities are telling people to be extra vigilant about wearing good bug spray.
--:-- Ping Wong: Yeah. So you mentioned that this virus can be fatal. What are the other risks though of catching it?
--:-- Ping Wong: So this virus attacks the central nervous system in mammals, so it can cause meningitis or brain swelling.
--:-- Ping Wong: And even those that do survive often have ongoing neurologic problems.
--:-- Ping Wong: And interestingly, a humans and horses are actually considered dead end hosts for this.
--:-- Ping Wong: So usually there's not enough virus circulating in their blood to spread it onto other mosquitoes.
--:-- Ping Wong: And instead, the reservoir for this virus is actually in birds, which can spread the virus more broadly.
--:-- Ping Wong: Is this just a thing in Massachusetts or have they found it in other parts of the country?
--:-- Ping Wong: Well, so far this year, there have been two other human cases, one in Vermont and one in New Jersey.
--:-- Ping Wong: But the virus has been found in mosquitoes or birds or other animals out in Michigan this year, down in Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina.
--:-- Ping Wong: These are all areas that tend to have freshwater hardwood swamps, which are places where the birds and mosquitoes that carry the virus tend to mix.
--:-- Ping Wong: I should also say that the virus's footprint has grown over the past 15 years.
--:-- Ping Wong: Brown told me that that's likely due in some part to climate change.
--:-- Ping Wong: You know, the warmer temperatures are making the mosquito season longer, shifts in weather, and seasonal patterns really affect when and where the birds are migrating.
--:-- Ping Wong: So just to restate, if you're in that area, bug spray and try staying indoors after 6pm.
--:-- Ping Wong: Yes, that, and also dumping any standing water around you.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): NPR's Ping Wong, thank you very much.
--:-- Ping Wong: You're welcome.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): There appears to be a respite in intense fighting across the Lebanon-Israel border this morning.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This comes after Israel and the militant group Hezbollah launched their biggest cross-border attacks in months on Sunday.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): The region had been on edge, fearing for weeks that a broader confrontation would erupt since Israel killed a Hezbollah commander in Beirut.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Meanwhile, fighting continues in Gaza. Ceasefire talks once again stalled.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): To bring us up to date, we go to NPR's Jane Araf in Beirut.
--:-- Jane Araf: Good morning, Jane.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Good morning, Michelle. So the big worry, of course, is that the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah would signal that an all-out war is spreading beyond Gaza.
--:-- Jane Araf: Well, it has for now. It's been clear that both Hezbollah, which is Iran-backed, and Iran itself don't want all-out war.
--:-- Jane Araf: But they also can't let Israeli attacks and assassinations on their soil stand without retaliating.
--:-- Jane Araf: So on Sunday, Hezbollah said it considered the killing of a senior leader avenged after it launched hundreds of drones and rockets. Attacks resumed on Monday, but not nearly at the same level.
--:-- Jane Araf: We have to remember that fighting across the Lebanese-Israeli border parallels the war in Gaza.
--:-- Jane Araf: Hezbollah entered the conflict to support the Palestinian militant group Hamas.
--:-- Jane Araf: And Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah has made clear that until Hamas and Israel reach a ceasefire agreement in Gaza, attacks across this border will continue.
--:-- Jane Araf: So what about those prospects for a ceasefire? The U.S. seem to be very optimistic of a deal, but what are they saying now?
--:-- Jane Araf: Well a top U military leader was visiting Israel yesterday as a sign of intense U concern about what happening here.
--:-- Jane Araf: Charles Brown chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Charles Brown I should say told Reuters that the near risks of a war involving Hezbollah had eased somewhat but that Iran still posed a danger.
--:-- Jane Araf: Now, a lot of that, of course, as you've mentioned, hinges on the ceasefire talks, which concluded in Cairo with no agreement reached.
--:-- Jane Araf: Hamas says Israel has added new conditions to a proposal raised by President Biden. which it had agreed to.
--:-- Jane Araf: Israel says it has security concerns that are not being met.
--:-- Jane Araf: And meanwhile, Iran's new foreign minister said Iran is still intending to extract revenge for the killing of a Hamas leader in Tehran.
--:-- Jane Araf: So what does all this mean regarding what's happening on the ground in Gaza?
--:-- Jane Araf: Yeah, no let up there. It's a situation that over 10 months has begun to sound almost normal, but it really isn't.
--:-- Jane Araf: Israel has issued evacuation orders for central Gaza, but for most people, there's no safe place to go.
--:-- Jane Araf: Yesterday, NPR producer Anas Baba visited the Al-Aqsa hospital in Deir al-Balah.
--:-- Jane Araf: Fighting and evacuation orders in the area have created panic at the hospital.
--:-- Jane Araf: He spoke with Dr. Mohamed Shaheen, who said families fearing Israeli airstrikes were pulling their relatives from their hospital beds, even though there are no other hospitals to go to.
--:-- Jane Araf: When you go to the street, you see this patient in the street. No place to go. No place to go.
--:-- Jane Araf: So basically, patients along with so many others just ending up on the streets.
--:-- Jane Araf: And with near-daily evacuation orders being issued by Israel and shrinking space, A lot of families have ended up on the beach in makeshift tents without food, toilets or clean water.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): That is NPR's Jane Araf in Beirut. Jane, thank you.
--:-- Jane Araf: Thank you, Michelle.
--:-- [Up First theme music fades in]
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And that's Up First for Tuesday, August 27th.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): I'm Michelle Martin. And Ami Martinez.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): How about listening to Consider This from NPR?
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): We here at Up First give you the three big stories of the day. Our Consider This colleagues take a different approach.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): They dive into a single news story and what it means to you in just 15 minutes.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Listen now on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Today's episode of Up First was edited by Carrie Kahn, Emily Kopp, Will Stone, Alice Wolfley, and Mohamed Elbardisi.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): It was produced by Ziad Batch, Nia Dumas, and Nina Kravinsky.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): We get engineering support from Simon Laszlo Jansen, and our technical director is Stacey Abbott.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Join us again tomorrow.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from Mint Mobile. If you're tired of spending hundreds on big wireless bills, bogus fees, and free perks, Mint Mobile might be right for you with plans starting from $15 a month.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from Lisa. Lisa mattresses are meticulously designed and assembled in the USA for exceptional quality.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And each mattress is designed with specific sleep positions and feel preferences in mind.
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--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): This message comes from NPR sponsor Rosetta Stone, an expert in language learning for 30 years.
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