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--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Palestinians say Israeli fire killed people as they tried to grab sacks of flour. Local officials count more than 100 dead in multiple incidents, a number that Israel disputes. So what are the facts?
--:-- Steve Inskeep: I'm Sasha Pfeiffer with Steve Inskeep and this is Up First from NPR News.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Lawyers for Harvard are in court today as they sue the Trump administration. Other universities are watching. There is nothing different about Harvard University than there is about some Midwestern, smaller private college. The same things would apply, right?
--:-- Steve Inskeep: What is Harvard asking a judge to do?
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Stay with us. We've got the news you need to start your day.
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--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: This story underlines how desperate people in Gaza have become for food. People continue trying to pick up flour and other supplies at designated locations, even though many are being killed. In multiple incidents Sunday, Palestinians say Israelis opened fire. They count more than 100 dead. That's the deadliest day yet for people attempting to collect basic supplies. Israelis dispute the number and contend they fired, quote, warning shots at people.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Daniel Estrin is on the line from Tel Aviv. He's been covering this whole war from the beginning. Daniel, welcome.
--:-- Daniel Estrin: Thank you, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: How did the day unfold?
--:-- Daniel Estrin: Gaza health officials say Palestinians were seeking food throughout Gaza and were killed by Israeli fire at various points in Gaza, but the majority were killed in one single incident, And that was in northern Gaza, as the United Nations World Food Program had a convoy of trucks crossing into Gaza carrying flour and food. The WFP says large crowds of people were desperate to get that food, and they approached the trucks and they came under fire by Israeli tanks and troops.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: The Israeli army says thousands of Palestinians were gathering and posing a threat to forces, which is why the army opened fire. They are questioning the death toll reported by Gaza health officials.
--:-- Daniel Estrin: I want to acknowledge the uncertainties here of any given incident Daniel Sometimes we don't know for sure the specific facts and the specific facts are disputed But we also have here an eyewitness account of what going on in Gaza It comes from our NPR colleague Anas Baba who been covering the war since the beginning
--:-- Anas Baba: Well, he's been talking about very little food to be found anywhere in Gaza. He visited Gaza City's main hospital, Shifa Hospital, as it was dealing with a rush of casualties and the wounded being coming in from that Israeli shooting I was describing near the U.N. aid trucks.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: He filmed the body of a 15-year-old boy with braces on his teeth, killed while trying to get food. He filmed a 13-year-old boy wounded there in the hospital. And he spoke with an American doctor, Dr. Noor Sharaf, who is working at the hospital with the World Health Organization. Let's listen to some of his conversation with her.
--:-- Anas Baba: I saw you today once I entered the hospital in the ER, and I saw you freeze. I think I was in shock. I've never seen anything like this in my entire life. Lots of young children have come in with gunshot wounds to the head and to the abdomen, chest. People are coming in with severe malnutrition. A lot of the times I see these young kids and I think that they are way younger than they actually are because they're very small. Everyone is skin and bones.
--:-- Anas Baba: Anas Baba also met a man in his 50s, Hassan Abu Marasa, who was wounded in his head and leg from Israeli tank fire. Hunger makes you desperate, he's crying there. I have no food at home. I went out to feed my kids. And this is what happened to me, he said.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And this is not just Israeli military shootings, Steve. It's also malnutrition. Gaza health officials say at least 18 Palestinians died of extreme hunger over the past day.
--:-- Daniel Estrin: Given all that, what are the prospects for a ceasefire? I spoke with a person in Israel who is briefed on the ceasefire talks between Hamas and Israel. not authorized to speak publicly, but told me that there's optimism among some Israeli officials that a deal could be reached in a matter of days. That deal would see a surge of humanitarian aid into Gaza. It would be a 60-day ceasefire, a hostage prisoner exchange. But we see no breakthrough yet, and we are seeing hunger and desperation for civilians in Gaza.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Daniel Estrin is in Tel Aviv. Daniel, thanks as always for your reporting.
--:-- Daniel Estrin: You're welcome.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: In this country, lawyers for Harvard University and the Trump administration are back in federal court today in Boston. Harvard is suing the federal government over its freeze of more than $2 billion in grants and contracts.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Steve spoke with Harvard President Alan Garber in May about where that money goes. There are so many discoveries that have come from Harvard and other research universities. advances in cancer, in treatments of cancer of all kinds. This is a huge part of what we do. Everybody benefits from the research work of universities like ours.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: The Trump administration says it froze those funds because Harvard violated civil rights law involving anti-Semitism on campus.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Alyssa Nadwerni joins us now from Cambridge, Massachusetts. Alyssa, good morning.
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: Good morning.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: What case will Harvard be making today?
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: Well, in exchange for getting those funds back, the government has said that Harvard has to change things like how to hire, how to admit students, and has demanded access to student files without subpoenas. Harvard's attorneys argue that is evidence that the government is violating the First Amendment and academic freedom. And while Harvard says they have made mistakes in allowing anti-Semitism on campus, they've said they've made changes to protect Jewish students, and they argue that the administration didn't go through proper procedures before they pulled those funds. and that violates the Administrative Procedure Act. That's what they argue.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Yeah, which is an important law that applied again and again and again It says the government can do things that are arbitrary and capricious There has to be a process There has to be a reason There has to be some justice to it
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: What is the administration case?
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: The government argues that Harvard didn't follow federal civil rights law. And as a result, the government has deemed that Harvard is not entitled to these research dollars. In statements, the White House says federal funds are a privilege, not an entitlement.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Does the federal government have the power in the abstract to say, we're going to cut off federal funding to a private institution like Harvard?
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: I do think that power's there. But the question is how the Trump administration went about using the power.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: I talked with Jodi Faree. She's a lawyer who represents several Midwest colleges and universities about how a lot of colleges are watching to see what precedent this case sets.
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: I think that everyone is watching and worrying about the extent to which the federal government is seeking to control the higher education sector, because there is nothing different about Harvard University than there is about some Midwestern, smaller private college. The same things would apply, right?
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So the impact of all of this is going to have ripple effects for jobs at universities, for families getting experimental treatments all over the U.S.
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: Well, it's just a one-day hearing, and Harvard is asking the judge for a summary judgment in hopes of moving this issue along faster. But there's no indication when we'll actually get that ruling. And while several legal experts told me that Harvard has a really strong case, whichever side loses in Boston will likely immediately appeal. And so, Steve, this may end up all the way at the Supreme Court.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Asking for a summary judgment. So essentially asking the judge to say, this case is obvious. We don't even need to hear any more. Give us something quick.
--:-- Alyssa Nadwerni: Yeah, that's the request.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: State lawmakers in Texas begin a special session today. Republicans who dominate the Texas legislature want to redraw voting districts for Congress. Their explicit partisan purpose is to skew the results so that Republicans win more seats.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: The state Republican Party said redistricting is, quote, an essential step to preserving GOP control of Congress. President Trump favors the idea. Just a very simple redrawing. We pick up five seats. But we have a couple of other states where we'll pick up seats also.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: NPR's Hansi Lo Wong is with us now. Hansi, good morning.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: Good morning, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: OK, so normally a state redistricts every 10 years with the census. Why is Texas doing it five years early?
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: Well, as you heard in their own words, this is pure hard politics. Texas first passed a congressional map like most states after the 2020 census results came out. And that map was challenged in court by voting rights advocates. And while those lawsuits are still playing out, the Republican governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, announced this special session.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And what was his reasoning for doing this?
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: Abbott pointed to a letter he received this month from the Justice Department under the Trump administration. And that letter claims the map that Republican lawmakers passed back in 2021 is unconstitutional.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: You know, a lot of legal experts are skeptical of the letter's reasoning, though, because President Trump has been vocal, as you heard, about wanting a new map that he thinks can get Republicans five more seats in Texas.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: How likely is it that they'll get what they want?
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: Well Republicans like you said control both the legislature and the governor office in Texas So in theory they can pass a map that they want But there is a risk of overreaching here because mapmakers in this special session may be making some out of date assumptions about where voters are and how they vote Any new map would be based on census data from five years ago That a long time for a state that changing demographically as much as Texas is
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, we mentioned other states. What other states might this happen in?
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: Well, Ohio has to draw a new map because of a state law. There are a handful of states in the South, plus Utah and Wisconsin, with maps that are still in the middle of lawsuits. And depending on what courts decide and their timing, those states may not have to draw new maps and use existing ones.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: But what is true for all of these states is that the House of Representatives has been narrowly divided for years. So any changes with the voting districts could make a big difference in whether Republicans keep control of the House or lose it to the Democrats.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: I feel that I have heard of states sometimes doing a mid-decade redistricting before. How unusual is this?
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: I talked to Michael Kang, a redistricting expert at Northwestern University's law school. Some states have done mid-decade redistricting. It's usually in the context of lawsuits that drag on for years. But what Kang says is unusual and notable this time around is that we are an increasingly polarized political climate. And that means in states where one political party controls map drawing, like in Texas, you're going to see strategies to squeeze out every possible advantage.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And Kang thinks voting maps should be drawn once at the beginning of a decade after census, and then unless they violate any laws, be left alone.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: When you can adjust the districts to make your side safer and the other side more vulnerable multiple times over a decade, it becomes hard to hold these guys accountable.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: You know, I should also note that the Supreme Court has struck down some key protections against racial discrimination and redistricting under the Voting Rights Act, and that has unleashed some state lawmakers to try to draw maps in ways that courts may not have allowed in the past.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: NPR's Hansi Lo Wong, thanks so much.
--:-- Hansi Lo Wong: You're welcome, Steve.
--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Block, Steve Drummond, Ben Swayze, Jenea Williams, and Alice Wolfley. It was produced by Ziyad Batch, Nia Dumas, and Christopher Thomas. We get engineering support from Stacey Abbott, and our technical director is Carly Strange.
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--:-- Sasha Pfeiffer: Stay with us. We've got more news.
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--:-- Up First is a production of NPR.
