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--:-- Leila Fadel: Inflation eased. Many prices are down, but not groceries. I don't buy potato chips anymore. That's moved into the luxury category. A renter says she lives with a roommate. She has no choice.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: What would change people's experience?
--:-- Leila Fadel: I'm Leila Fadel with Steve Inskeep, and this is Up First from NPR News.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Protests against the war led up to a big development at Columbia University, where the president has resigned. Why now?
--:-- Leila Fadel: Also, we hear the aftermath of a revolution in Bangladesh. Supporters of the new regime found supporters of the old one and whacked them with bamboo sticks. At one point, they grabbed an NPR producer, and we hear from our correspondent in Dhaka. Stay with us.
--:-- Leila Fadel: We've got the news you need to start your day. Like turning to your barista, hairdresser, or a taxi driver for life advice. But when you're looking for help about relationships, anxiety, depression, or other clinical issues, they may not have all the right answers. Instead, get guidance from a licensed therapist online with BetterHelp. Visit betterhelp.com slash NPR for 10% off your first month.
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--:-- Steve Inskeep: The way you feel about the news on inflation depends on who you are. The latest U.S. numbers showed the inflation rate is coming down. This makes it seem more likely that the Fed can bring interest rates down, and stock markets were up again yesterday. Just last week, the markets were diving, but that's a distant memory. But high prices are a current reality for many consumers.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So NPR's Scott Horsley joins us now. Scott, good morning.
--:-- Scott Horsley: Good morning, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, let's start with the top line number. What's happening?
--:-- Scott Horsley: Well, inflation continues to moderate. Consumer prices in July were up just 2.9% from a year ago. That's the smallest annual increase in more than three years. Inflation has come down by more than two-thirds from its peak back when Russia invaded Ukraine. Gasoline prices are actually down in the last year, so are airfares and used cars.
--:-- Scott Horsley: And falling inflation is very much what economists have been waiting to see. But White House economist Jared Bernstein concedes we're not yet back to where a lot of average people want us to be. The momentum is certainly in the right direction. Inflation is reliably coming down. And so this is a consistent trend that's moving in the right direction. No victory laps. We still have to be mindful that too many families are facing too many high costs.
--:-- Scott Horsley: Bernstein actually gave a speech last month where he talked about the difference between inflation rates and inflation vibes. He knows that a lot of people are still unhappy about high prices, even though those prices are no longer climbing nearly as fast as they had been.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Yeah, I want to be really frank about this, Scott. When we say inflation vibes, it can imply that people just feel bad about inflation. But for many people, the reality is that prices are still high, right?
--:-- Scott Horsley: Right. And if you look at the data, housing costs are still going up. People who own a home with a fixed-rate mortgage might be partially insulated from that. But renters like Teresa Wolf, who lives in St. Petersburg, Florida, have definitely felt the big increase.
--:-- Teresa Wolf: First of all, I live with a roommate because I have to. Rents have just skyrocketed. Everyone I know is doing the same thing. And even if you're a homeowner, your insurance has gone up so much. So everybody now sharing
--:-- Steve Inskeep: We also continue to hear complaints about grocery prices. Even though supermarket prices have been pretty stable for the last year, they're up just over 1% in that time period, they're up more than 25% since the pre-pandemic era. And Wolf and others are feeling the sting of those cumulative price hikes.
--:-- Teresa Wolf: I don't buy potato chips anymore. That's moved into the luxury category because they kept raising prices, raising prices, raising prices. And I mean, I had a heart attack at Publix when it was a bag of tortilla chips. I think it was $7.99. Frito-Lay sales actually fell in the most recent quarter, as some customers said. Enough is enough.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Now, I should point out, while grocery prices are up 25% since before the pandemic, average wages are up 23% during that period. So wages haven't quite kept pace, but they are catching up.
--:-- Scott Horsley: Okay, that's a useful bit of news. Now, we'll just remind people that the Federal Reserve takes the lead on fighting inflation. They've kept interest rates high, but everybody's waiting for them to begin lowering them since interest rates could be punishing in their own way. How do they know when they've done enough?
--:-- Scott Horsley: Well, the Fed is watching the data, and not just the inflation rate, but also the unemployment rate, which has been creeping up a little bit. For a long time, the job market was so strong, the Fed could really focus on getting inflation under control. Now it has to be careful that those high interest rates don't needlessly put more people out of work.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Markets think that inflation has come down enough so the Fed can start cutting interest rates when policymakers meet next month. And if the job market's looking a little shaky, then those rate cuts might come faster.
--:-- Scott Horsley: And Pierre Scott Horsley, thanks very much. You're welcome.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, a new round of talks to end the war in Gaza is supposed to begin today in Doha. Yeah, and the talks could hardly be more urgent. The war in Gaza has killed tens of thousands of people. Palestinian families are being displaced repeatedly, and dozens of hostages from Israel are still being held in Gaza.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Meanwhile, the United States hopes mediating a ceasefire would also head off a wider war involving Hamas' ally, Iran. But it's not clear how this round could possibly work. That's the problem.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Kat Lonsdorf is covering this from Tel Aviv. Hi, Kat.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: Hey, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, so in theory, everybody knows the plan here. President Biden put out a plan in May, and everybody's supposed to get together and tweak it, supposedly. What is the plan?
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: Yeah, so back on May 31st, President Biden laid out this plan. It called for a ceasefire, the release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners and detainees, and the reconstruction of Gaza. And it was going to happen in three phases, the first of which would be six weeks long and have a guaranteed and complete ceasefire, while the two sides take those six weeks to hammer out the details of the second phase, essentially.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: You know, it was a plan that the White House officials back then said Hamas had already accepted and Israel had backed. But, you know, that was more than 10 weeks ago, and several rounds of talks since then have ended at an impasse.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: OK, what are the sticking points in this plan that the two sides supposedly had accepted?
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: Well, one has to do with the ceasefire after that first six-week phase. Israel wants the ability to resume the war if it feels that Hamas is prolonging the talks without reaching agreements, and Hamas instead wants a guaranteed end of the war.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: And there are other disagreements yet to be resolved, including whether Israel can screen Palestinian civilians returning to the north, the number of Israeli hostages to be released, the number and identities of Palestinian prisoners and detainees to be released, and who will have control over the Philadelphia corridor. That's a strip of land along Gaza's border with Egypt that Israel took over in May.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: I will say that the mediators put out a statement last week saying that they are very aware of these differences and they're ready with a final proposal to bridge these remaining issues if necessary.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Now we're getting to the point that makes me feel even more skeptical about these talks, or at least I have questions as a journalist, because the idea is you get everybody in a room and they talk. Not everybody's going to be in the room to talk. Who will be there?
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: Right. So Qatari, Egyptian, and American mediators will be there, including CIA Chief William Burns and U.S. Envoy Brett McGurk. But this is what you're hinting at, Steve. As for Israel and Hamas, Hamas has said it will not participate, basically saying that, You know, they already responded to the U.S.-backed plan with a counterproposal in July and that mediators can use that.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: I will say the talks are in Doha, where some Hamas leadership is based. So they are close by and they say that if Israel agrees to that counterproposal, they're ready to talk. Israel is participating. You know, they sent a high-level delegation to Doha. But Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu is the one at the end of the day who has to commit to the deal. And for a long time now, he's said that he will not succumb to pressure to end the war. He standing up to his security chiefs here All of them say that now is time to strike a deal with Hamas and shift the focus to Iran and Hezbollah
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: So we waiting to see if he changes his position at all
--:-- Steve Inskeep: How does all of this news of peace talks look to people in the war zone in Gaza?
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: The stakes are very high, especially for the more than two million Palestinians living in Gaza under dire conditions with daily fatalities from Israeli airstrikes. And also for the remaining Israeli hostages. They're languishing and possibly even dying in captivity in Gaza.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: You know, these are all people who don't have days and weeks to wait. And then there's this added pressure to this round of talks. After the recent assassinations of the Hamas leader in Tehran and a senior Hezbollah official in Beirut, Israel has been bracing for avowed retaliation from Iran and its proxies.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: You know, many are worried about the potential of an all-out regional war, and the U.S. and other international parties are hoping that a Gaza ceasefire deal could convince Iran to hold its fire.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: OK, thanks for a clear explanation, Kat. Really appreciate it.
--:-- Kat Lonsdorf: Thanks so much.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: That's NPR's Kat Lonsdorf in Tel Aviv.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Columbia University's president, Namat Shafiq, has resigned. She's the third Ivy League university president to leave their position amid criticism over how they've dealt with campus protests since the Hamas attack on Israel last fall and Israel's now more than 10-month military response in Gaza.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story and joins us now. Good morning, Tovia.
--:-- Tovia Smith: Good morning.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So why is she stepping down now? She didn't step down during the academic year last year. The fall semester starts soon. Why now?
--:-- Tovia Smith: Yeah, it is somewhat curious coming now because Manoush Shafiq, as she's better known, she really hung in there for a really rough year, which was her first on the job. But ultimately, it looks like she just felt like this turmoil, as she called it, was just not what she signed up for.
--:-- Tovia Smith: In an email she sent yesterday, she said it's been distressing to be the subject of threats and abuse, and it's all taken a toll on her family. Shafiq says the summer gave her time to think, and she decided it'd actually be best for Colombia for her to move on.
--:-- Tovia Smith: She says she's leaving now so a new president can be ready to go when school starts. But as you said, that's soon, less than three weeks away, so it's really not much transition time.
--:-- Tovia Smith: I'll just add Shafiq has taken a new job with the UK's foreign secretary dealing with international development. And in response, Columbia's board says they're disappointed, but respect her decision.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And just remind us, Tovia, where that pressure had been coming from. I know she was getting it from all sides.
--:-- Tovia Smith: Indeed. Like other presidents who resigned from Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania, it all kind of comes down to how well or not well they balance protecting free speech and ensuring that their campus is safe and welcoming to all.
--:-- Tovia Smith: So Shafiq was accused of not getting that quite right and letting anti-Semitism run rampant on campus. She was also roundly criticized for some waffly answers to a congressional committee asking questions like whether certain protest slogans would be considered anti-Semitic.
--:-- Tovia Smith: In the meantime, others said Shafiq came down too hard on pro-Palestinian students when she called in the New York City police to clear their encampment and also to end their occupation of a university building.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And how are people on campus responding to her decision to step down?
--:-- Tovia Smith: Well, I spoke to Columbia junior Alicia Baker, who's a leader of a pro-Israel group on campus. He was careful not to bash Shafiq, saying he's focusing forward, hoping now for what he calls strong leadership.
--:-- Alicia Baker: It starts with, are you willing to put your foot down and stand against students and faculty who, by completely disregarding policies and harassing fellow students, undermine the learning environment and make it unsafe, not just for Jewish students, but for all students who simply want to go to class.
--:-- Tovia Smith: And meantime, the pro-Palestinian group, Columbia Students for Justice in Palestine, they're casting Shafiq's resignation as a victory. They posted on X, quote, after months of chanting Manoush Shafiq, you can't hide, she finally got the memo.
--:-- Tovia Smith: The group also warned that any future president who ignores demands for Columbia to divest from companies doing business from Israel, as they put it, will end up exactly as President Shafiq did.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And Tovia Columbia announced a new interim president, Katrina Armstrong. What do we know about her?
--:-- Tovia Smith: She's the dean of Columbia's medical school and CEO of its medical center. She takes over immediately. She said last night that critical thinking, humility, and tolerance of different points of view is quote the most essential lesson taught in Columbia classrooms.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Thank you Tovia.
--:-- Tovia Smith: Thank you.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, we are following violence on the streets of the capital of Bangladesh, where just 10 days ago, protesters led by students ousted the former prime minister, Sheikasina. It was quite an event. Tens of thousands of people marched onto her residence, and Hasina and her sister were forced to flee in a helicopter to India.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So does this mean this revolution, like so many others, is already in trouble?
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Okay, so we got one of these internal NPR emails the other day. It was from our correspondent, Dia Hadid, and it's just giving an update on news. And she begins it, greetings from revolutionary DACA. And as soon as I read that, I knew that I wanted to talk to Dia Hadid, and she's on the line.
--:-- Dia Hadid: Hi there, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: So a dramatic moment to be in DACA, but I gather it's been a violent day. What's going on?
--:-- Dia Hadid: Well, today there's been whack-a-mole clashes in central DACA, and it's happening specifically today because the former Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, called on her supporters to gather around a museum dedicated to her father.
--:-- Dia Hadid: Her father is the man that led Bangladesh's independence. But plenty of folks here despise Hasina and they're afraid she's trying to mount some sort of comeback. So men with bamboo sticks, they give a mighty whack, have been attacking suspected loyalists of the former Prime Minister and they've also been holding protest marches like this.
--:-- Dia Hadid: So those protesters are chanting, the blood of martyrs won't go in vain. And it's reference to the hundreds who were killed during student protests that led to Hasina's ouster.
--:-- Dia Hadid: But some men also attacked two female journalists who work for a Western outlet. One of the journalists says they were punched as they tried to leave their car. And one of them also had her phone snatched while she was filming folks who were carrying away a man who appeared to be beaten unconscious.
--:-- Dia Hadid: And something similar happened to NPR's producer, Ahmed Hussain. A mob grabbed his phone and deleted footage of them beating up a guy. They returned his phone after they scrolled through and found photos of him kissing his wife. He says the men were embarrassed to see such an intimate scene. It's a conservative country and he's safe now.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: I'm glad to hear that. Can you help us understand, though, why this would have been a showdown? Why the people who effectively won, who got control of the government, would choose today to walk around with the bamboo sticks whacking people?
--:-- Dia Hadid: Because Sheikh Hasina has only issued one statement since she fled power. Excuse me. She has only issued one statement since she fled Bangladesh. And that was through her son on Twitter. And she called on her supporters to head to that museum in Dhaka for the commemoration of her father's death, Sheikh Majiba Rahman.
--:-- Dia Hadid: You see, he and most of the family were killed in a coup d'etat on August 15, 1975. Sheikh Hasina and her sisters were abroad and they're the only survivors. So this has long been a day of mourning here. But for many Bangladeshis, they've come to see these commemorations as a way that Sheikh Hasina was shoring up her legitimacy during 15 years of power.
--:-- Dia Hadid: Power she won in tilted elections. So most of the clashes have been happening around the museum, which was also looted and burnt after she fled. and it gives you a sense of how Bangladeshis are rewriting their own history in real time.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: NPR's Dia Hadid is in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thanks very much for the first-hand reporting.
--:-- Dia Hadid: Thank you so much, Steve.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: And that's Up First for this Thursday, August 15th. I'm Steve Inskeep. And I'm Leila Fadel. Your next listen is Consider This from NPR. This podcast gives you three big stories each day. Consider This dives deep on one.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Today's Up First was edited by Vincent Nee, Greg Dixon, Raphael Nam, Rebecca Rossman, Jenea Williams, and H.J. Mai. It was produced by Ziad Butch, Nia Dumas, and Lily Quiroz, who points whenever it's time for me to talk.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: We get engineering support from Hannah Glovna, and our technical director is Zach Coleman.
--:-- Steve Inskeep: Join us tomorrow.
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--:-- Leila Fadel: This message comes from Ritual. What makes Ritual vitamins different? Ritual vitamins are made with bioavailable, clinically studied key ingredients, as well as the essence of mint. Get 25% off your first purchase when you visit ritual.com slash NPR.
