--:-- Host (Michel Martin): Israeli forces blew up banks across Lebanon, branches linked to Hezbollah. Hezbollah has been diversifying its revenue stream for a long time. How did the militant group and everybody else use the institution?
--:-- Host (Michel Martin): I'm Michelle Martin with Steve Inskeep and this is Up First from NPR News.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Former President Donald Trump is threatening retribution against critics and political opponents if he's elected to a second term. That is something that should concern all of us. What could this mean for a Justice Department tasked with carrying out his wishes?
--:-- Host (Michel Martin): Also, what are the big issues for voters in Pennsylvania? I think a lot of mayors would say that all politics is housing. It's the center point for everybody's experience. Michelle and I have been traveling this vital swing state and we'll bring you some voters' voices. Stay with us. We've got the news you need to start your day.
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--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Israeli forces carried out a series of airstrikes across Lebanon late Sunday night. They targeted branches of a bank operated by Hezbollah. Israel's military says the bank is involved in financing the group's activities. So how does this fit in with the rest of Israel's military campaign?
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And Biarz Arzu Rezvani is on the line from Beirut. Hey there, Arzu.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Okay, so what exactly is this institution and how does it work?
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: So Al-Gharad al-Hassan is not a traditional bank. Experts have described it to me as more of a credit union, one that's been under sanction since 2007 because the U.S. says it has links to Hezbollah. And how it works is people will bring in gold, often in the form of jewelry, and take out a loan against it. No one earns interest in accordance with Islamic law.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: Lebanese economists say this lending is pretty safe because loans are guaranteed against something concrete that retains its value well. And because Lebanon has been mired in a severe economic crisis for several years now, a few hundred thousand people have come to rely on Qard al-Hassan as a safer alternative for banking.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: Okay, so I'm picturing these storefronts or branches there in cities and towns across Lebanon, and they begin blowing up as the Israeli strikes come Sunday night. Is the network destroyed?
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: So Lebanese authorities are still assessing the extent of the damage to this banking network but the bank has released a statement saying it had taken measures to safeguard deposits It had anticipated eventually becoming a target
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: There are some 30 branches across Lebanon and many are in the south areas that have been getting pummeled by Israel Getting to those areas has been extremely difficult, very dangerous. We counted more than 10 strikes last night in a southern suburb of Beirut, Dahia, which is a Hezbollah stronghold.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: The state has really restricted access, so it's hard to know at this point if these branches are totally gone and if there's been civilians killed or hurt in the process. The Israeli military did issue evacuation orders, but sometimes it's only minutes before a strike.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: How vulnerable was Hezbollah on this point? In other words, how much damage could these strikes have done?
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: Well, even if they hit all of these branches, experts don't think that wiping out this bank will significantly debilitate Hezbollah's cash assets. And that's because it wasn't really generating much of a revenue through it. It was more of a vehicle for moving money around to pay its operatives, for example.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: I talked to Randa Saleem, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute, and here's how she explains it. The millions of dollars that are needed to fund Hezbollah's military operations come from Iran, come from business streams like their involvement in the sale of Captagon, that is a drug that's produced in Syria, as well as it comes from donations from Shia communities that are wealthy and work in Africa.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: And so Hezbollah has been diversifying its revenue stream for a long time. Salim and others think that it's really civilians who stand to lose the most after the attack of this banking institution.
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: So how then does this fit in with Israel's larger plans?
--:-- Arzu Rezvani: Well, this is part of the escalation in this war. The war is intensifying and targets on both sides are expanding. Beyond that, experts think an attack like this could sow divisions and turn some of Hezbollah's constituents against the group, which is all part of this bigger effort to dismantle the organization.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): NPR's Arzu Rezvani in Beirut, thanks so much. You're welcome.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Former President Trump is exercising less and less control as he delivers the closing speeches of the presidential campaign. In Pennsylvania Saturday, the former president was expected to give a closing argument for the campaign. Instead, he spent several minutes discussing the anatomy of the late golfer Arnold Palmer.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): He's also spoken freely about going after his enemies. He suggested the use of the National Guard or the military against his fellow Americans to quell unspecified threats on Election Day.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Throughout this election, he's also been talking about using the Justice Department to exact retribution against his perceived enemies. All these words raise questions about how Trump would act.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): So NPR National Justice Correspondent Kerry Johnson is following that. Kerry, good morning.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Good morning, Steve.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): OK, how could this president or any president, for that matter, use the Justice Department?
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Well, Donald Trump has vowed to carry out retribution. He's been warning about what he calls the enemy from within. That seems to mean some of his political adversaries could face investigation by the Justice Department and the FBI at different points.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Of course, Trump has called for President Joe Biden to be investigated, for retired General Mark Milley to be investigated, and for members of the House Select Committee that investigated the Capitol riot to be investigated.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: And something has changed since then. A Supreme Court decision this past summer actually gave Trump and future presidents sweeping immunity from prosecution, including their contacts with the Justice Department.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: So Donald Trump might be even more unbridled next year than he was during his first term in office
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Trump has also floated the idea of pardons from many of the 1 people charged in connection with the siege on the Capitol on January 6 2021
--:-- Kerry Johnson: I guess we got to note that a special prosecutor has brought criminal cases against former President Trump. There are two at the federal level.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: What could happen with those cases if the defendant wins? I think the betting is they both go away.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Of course, the most serious case against Trump is the federal election interference indictment here in D.C. The special counsel Jack Smith has argued Trump was acting as a candidate for office, not the president, when he allegedly conspired to overturn the 2020 election.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: But Donald Trump's likely to direct new DOJ leaders to drop that case and also to refuse to proceed with an appeal in the other federal case against him.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: That's the one involving classified papers he hoarded at Mar-a-Lago. Remember Judge Eileen Cannon, who was appointed to the bench by Trump, actually dismissed that case in Florida on the grounds the special counsel had been appointed in an unconstitutional way.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Right now, the Justice Department's appealing, but Trump would likely end that appeal in its tracks.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Doesn't Trump also have an ongoing theme of unleashing, as he sees it, law enforcement generally?
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Yeah, he says he wants to give police more legal protection from being sued for things like excessive force.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: And he's said for years now, the death penalty should be carried out against drug dealers, and he wants other harsh penalties imposed on people who do things like steal from retail stores.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: More recently, he told a campaign audience police should be allowed to get rough on some of these thieves for just one hour, and the word would get out.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: Now, that kind of rhetoric from a former and possibly future president could motivate some police to break the rules in the federal civil rights laws, and that's worried a lot of people.
--:-- Kerry Johnson: One of them is Maya Wiley. She runs the Leadership Conference for Civil and Human Rights.
--:-- Maya Wiley: For us in the civil rights community, what we're hearing is a pattern, not just of speech, but even of policy.
--:-- Maya Wiley: And that is something that should concern all of us.
--:-- Maya Wiley: What Trump has been saying this year, as opposed to four years ago, is much more harsh and much more dark.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Kerry Johnson, thanks very much for your insights. My pleasure.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Here's some news. Michelle and I have both taken road trips across parts of Pennsylvania. We've been talking with voters starting in the far western part of the state, and this week we'll be together in the far east for two public events in Philadelphia.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): So, Steve, what have you been hearing?
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Well, we've been listening for the connections between people's economic lives and their voting.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Well, yeah, you know, I was thinking about the fact that CEOs often seem to make decisions based on what's best for their companies. So that made me wonder, what about everybody else?
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Yeah, yeah. And this got us both going, your thought about this.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And I now think of Samantha Miller, Sam for short, who I met. She's a labor and delivery nurse in Pittsburgh.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Seeing people have to make these decisions firsthand has really grounded my beliefs in a woman's right to choose.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Yeah, she told us stories of couples having to decide about abortion with the mother's life at stake.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And she's voting for Kamala Harris, and it's informed by her work.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Outside the city of Pittsburgh, we met Ben Wallace, who's part of a fracking company, you know, getting oil and gas out of the Appalachians, and he insists that his industry is safe and clean.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): This is kind of an argument I give to environmental activists all the time. Show me the industry. You know, you are in the Saudi Arabia of natural gas right now.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): You are standing here and you don't see the industry anywhere
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Yeah, most of the action is underground
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): We were standing in what just looked like a forest
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And he also by the way rejects the scientific consensus about climate change
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Now does that mean he voting on his job
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Wallace denies that
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): He says he actually wants freedom in a Christian nation, as he understands those terms.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): But his view of his job clearly matches his politics, and he is raising money for Donald Trump.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): That's interesting because we are seeing the effects of a lot of that money.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): I mean, the ads here in Pennsylvania and Philadelphia are wall to wall.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): I mean, you cannot turn on the television without seeing some of these ads.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): We spent a lot of time in two so-called bellwether communities. These are areas that have a strong history of picking the eventual winners in a century of presidential elections.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): In Erie, we visited with students at a career fair at Gannon University and some business people who were trying to recruit them.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): You know what? We saw something that I think a lot of people are seeing in their own families.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): People were reluctant to talk about it. It feels very touchy.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And in Allentown, we met Latino voters whose city is led by the first Latino mayor, Matt Turk.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): I think a lot of mayors would say that all politics is housing. It's the center point for everybody's experience.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And that's certainly true. We heard a lot about the high cost of rents.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): But in Bethlehem, we spoke with Norberto Dominguez. He's created a Hispanic American League of Artists.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): They are listening to everything. and the more Trump has been talking, the more you see Latinos, some Latinos that were kind of leaning towards Trump, kind of backing away because they can't say what he's saying in the kitchen table.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And so it's hard to defend him when he's offending us at the same time.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): I really appreciate hearing this, Michelle, because it reflects something that we heard in our dozens of interviews in other parts of the state.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): I mean, people do vote their economic interests. It's the economy, stupid, as the old saying goes.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): But they also have a lot of thoughts about the character of the person that they're electing.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And we're going to be hearing a lot more this week on the radio and at public events in Philadelphia this week.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): We're looking forward to it. Yeah, me too.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And that's up first for this Monday, October 21st.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): I'm Steve Inskeep.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): And I'm Michelle Martin.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): For your next listen, consider this from NPR.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): At a time when election results are routinely challenged, when losing candidates refuse to accept the results, and protesters threaten violence, what does it take to run a free, fair, and safe election?
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Listen to Consider This from NPR.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Today's Up First was edited by Hannah Block, Andrew Sussman, Jan Johnson, H.J. Mai, Lisa Thompson, and Alice Wolfley.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): It was produced by Paige Waterhouse, Nia DeMoss, and Katie Kline.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): We get engineering support from the ever-supportive Stacey Abbott, and our technical director is Zach Coleman.
--:-- Host (Michelle Martin): Join us tomorrow.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Visit sierra.ai to learn more.
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