--:-- Caitlin McCabe: It's Tuesday, November 11th. I'm Caitlin McCabe for The Wall Street Journal, and here is the AM edition of What's News, the top headlines and business stories moving your world today.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: A spending package to reopen the government has officially passed the Senate, paving the way for the longest shutdown in history to possibly end within the next few days. The passage last night follows a dramatic procedural vote Sunday that saw eight members of the Democratic caucus break with their party and vote alongside Republicans.
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--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Republican Senator Majority Leader John Thune speaking there following the legislation's passage yesterday.
--:-- John Thune: This has been a very long road, quite literally the longest shutdown in history. I am very, very happy to be able to say that we are coming to the end.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Attention now turns to the GOP-controlled House, which could vote on the measure as soon as Wednesday. Here's Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson.
--:-- Mike Johnson: At the very moment that they do that final vote, I will call all House members to return to Washington as quickly as possible. We'll give a 36-hour formal and official notice so that we can vote as soon as possible to pass the amended CR bill and get it to the president's desk.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Within the Democratic Party, focus is now turning to Chuck Schumer, with angry progressive voters and party activists blaming the Senate minority leader for failing to keep his party in line.
--:-- Richard Rubin: For weeks, Democrats had been united in demanding that Congress extend enhanced Affordable Care Act subsidies in exchange for their votes. Journal-Washington reporter Richard Rubin says now the party has little more than a guarantee that a vote on the matter will happen by the second week of December.
--:-- Richard Rubin: We've seen very angry statements coming out of House Democrats and Democrats across the country. Because they basically see this legislation, this compromise as not a compromise, as not accomplishing the goal they set out for on health care and not getting enough out of the shutdown.
--:-- Richard Rubin: So Democrats who voted for this and are advancing this forward are Democrats who are retiring. They're Democrats who aren't up for election next year. The real electoral pressure the energy among Democrats would have been to fight more to fight harder to keep the shutdown going.
--:-- Richard Rubin: And you see that reflected in all of these votes as we go forward through this week.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Even if the government reopens in the coming days, air travelers may not see immediate relief. Thousands of flights were delayed or canceled yesterday, and more pain is expected.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: The president of the Association of Flight Attendants, CWA, told CNBC yesterday that, quote, there will be a hangover from this as we try to put the system back together.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Now, investors may be getting some answers to the question many have been asking. When will AI companies begin to turn a profit? We've been looking at the finances of Silicon Valley's two largest AI startups, with Anthropic on pace to turn a profit far more quickly than rival OpenAI.
--:-- Sam Schechner: Documents obtained by the journal show that Anthropic expects to break even for the first time in 2028, while OpenAI forecasts its operating losses that year to swell to about $74 billion.
--:-- Sam Schechner: The two companies are taking very different approaches to growing their business. OpenAI is spending really heavily on building out infrastructure and they have thinner margins and they are predicting enormous demand for their services going into the future.
--:-- Sam Schechner: On the other hand, Anthropic is going for a fatter margin business. They are spending less on infrastructure and focusing on coding, for which their clawed chat bot is effective, and on business customers rather than a consumer business.
--:-- Sam Schechner: OpenAI is expected to burn 14 times more cash than Anthropic between now and 2030. But as Sam explains, whether it will pay off remains to be seen.
--:-- Sam Schechner: If indeed demand is there, what you're going to see is OpenAI is going to reap the benefits of these huge investments. And a company like Anthropic could be left behind, could just be too small.
--:-- Sam Schechner: By contrast, if indeed there is a pullback, Anthropic could be more resilient. For what it's worth, OpenAI says that it could go cash flow positive much more quickly if it chose to, but it's betting heavily on these investments.
--:-- Sam Schechner: For now, OpenAI's approach is enriching one big investor, Japanese tech investment company SoftBank, which today said it booked billions of dollars of gains from its OpenAI investment.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: President Trump said he is looking at reducing tariffs on both India and Switzerland. Trump made the comments while speaking to reporters in the Oval Office, saying he would bring down 50% tariffs on imports from India.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Well, right now, the tariffs are very high on India because of the Russian oil, and they've stopped doing the Russian oil. It's been reduced very substantially.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Yeah, we're going to be bringing the tariffs down. Trump also said the White House is working with Switzerland to lower their tariff rate which stands at 39 percent with the exception of gold.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: He admitted that the country has been hit hard, saying the administration wants Switzerland to remain successful.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: And we are exclusively reporting that China plans to ease the flow of rare earths and other restricted materials to the United States under a new so-called validated end-user system.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: The move will allow Beijing to fulfill its pledge to President Trump to allow the export of rare earths while ensuring they don't end up with U.S. military suppliers, which is a key concern for China.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: The mechanism that Beijing is considering is modeled on a U.S. system in place since 2007, which clears certain Chinese companies to buy sensitive goods.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: China's Ministry of Commerce didn't respond to a comment request.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Coming up, as suspicious drones increasingly fly over NATO countries, Europe is finding itself not exactly at war, but not necessarily at peace either. We explore the continent's new gray zone after the break.
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--:-- Caitlin McCabe: From fastest laps to strategy calls, AWS puts fans in the pit. It's not just racing. It's data-driven innovation at 200 miles per hour.
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--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Europe's leaders suspect Russia is behind a barrage of hybrid attacks that are rapidly changing the continent's security landscape.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: The journal's Bertrand Benoit writes that Germany alone is facing an average of three drone incursions per day, putting Europe in a gray zone between war and peace.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: Well, it means that there is no armed conflict outside of Ukraine between Russia and the West or anyone else.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: But we see a wave of sabotage acts and surveillance activity and spying that seems to be targeting NATO members in Europe that are hard to explain other than as attempts to intimidate and divide and weaken in a way that is not quite military yet.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: You have this pretty stunning statistic in your story that Germany has three drone incursions a day on average. That's way more than people probably think.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: What are adversaries trying to achieve with these drones? And what do we know about where they're being sighted?
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: So they're being seen over airports. And that's obviously the most visible part of it, because every time a drone flies over an airport, the airport has to be closed.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And so it creates massive disruption. But they're also seen moving over military bases, defense, industry, locations, and critical infrastructure, things like ports and power stations.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: We can only guess at what the goals are of these drones but they probably attempt to destabilize attempts to force the other side to react and to invest in defenses and to defend itself.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And also there's a fair amount of spying probably going on. There are some reports that these drones sometimes move information of up to 15 drones that are coordinated and that suggests some kind of mapping or surveillance or filming happening.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: I think it's important to note here that Europe isn't just facing drone incursions, right? What other threats have we seen?
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: There have been instances of sabotage that have been going on for a long time that are increasing, cutting cables that power railway tracks and signals, all the way to cutting undersea cables that transmit communication, you know, data, to mailing bombs in packages that travel on planes and have actually exploded in transit, not in the air, luckily, but on the ground.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: So all sorts of very disruptive and quite aggressive attempts to create disorder in Europe.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And so what does this all tell us about the security situation in Europe right now? It is precarious because of that.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And it's quite difficult to know what to do about it because it's happening at all sorts of level. It's difficult to attribute. It involves actors that sometimes have very minimal contact with Russia that may have been hired online to commit a one specific act and then discarded or not used again.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And so Bertrand, how do we expect governments to respond? Obviously, as your story notes, we've seen a ramping up in rhetoric from European officials just talking about this more.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: There's been a lot more conversation this year about increases in military spending. But where do things go from here?
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: It could be a number of things. I think I'll give two examples. One is we've seen a tendency towards some European leaders to be more forceful about identifying Russia and pointing the finger at Russia and trying to explain why certain things were happening.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: Some European leaders have said that, for instance, there have been a lot of drone sightings in Belgium, and that may be related to the fact that Belgium is now under pressure to seize some Russian assets to help fund the defense of Ukraine.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: And then the other aspect is obviously all the military spending that is happening. It really is ramping up in Europe in a very, very big way.
--:-- Bertrand Benoit: If all of this or most of these disruptions can really be attributed to Russia, you could see them as a reaction to this rearmament in Europe that is quite unprecedented.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: Bertrand, thanks for joining us. Thank you.
--:-- Caitlin McCabe: And that's it for What's News for this Tuesday morning. Today's show is produced by Daniel Bach. Our supervising producer was Sondra Kilhoff. And I'm Caitlin McCabe for The Wall Street Journal. We'll be back tonight with a new show. Until then, thanks for listening.
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