--:-- Janet Jaleel: This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Janet Jaleel.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In the early hours of Tuesday the 2nd of September, these are our main stories. Rescue efforts are continuing in Afghanistan's mountainous eastern region after an earthquake killed hundreds of people.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The EU blames Russia for sabotaging the navigation system of a plane carrying the head of the European Commission.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Israel is again accused of genocide, this time by a group of the world's leading experts on the subject.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Also in this podcast... The video shows a tennis player offering his cap to the child. Before Pyotr Shcherich appears to take it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: A man filmed snatching a tennis player's cap from a boy at the US Open apologises after a huge online backlash.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Rescuers are struggling to reach villages in the remote mountains of eastern Afghanistan, where an earthquake has killed more than 800 people.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: A Taliban official described the scale of the destruction as unimaginable.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The earthquake, which had a magnitude of six, struck on Sunday night, shaking buildings as far away as Pakistan's capital, Islamabad.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Kunar and Nangahar provinces were the worst affected.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We heard from this eyewitness in Kunar. Sayyid Rahim from Afghanistan province, Kunar: I saw some injuries and dead body. A lot of houses are destroyed.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I prepared my emergency teams for responding, for the treatment, for the helping of the people.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They are very afraid and they are destroyed and they lose the parents, the children, the wives.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Dr Rafi Ullah works for a hospital in Asadabad in Kunar.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Our area isn't badly damaged and my family is safe, but our little hospital has been receiving injured people from nearby towns and villages.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We treated over 200 people today, among them pregnant women, children and the elderly.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We only have 150 beds and we already had a lot of patients.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The Red Cross is helping but we need more help.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We need tents, we need medicine.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's a national tragedy.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Syed Nizami is a senior journalist with the BBC's Afghan service and is from Kunar himself.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Kunar is a mountain region with limited farmland.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Not all villages are connected by road.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Women mostly work in the field, groving crops, caring for livestock and fishing, drinking water.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Healthcare facilities are not available in every village or district.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The worst damage was in the mountain areas in Nurgal district in Kunar province.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Entire village were destroyed rescue teams couldn't reach them until morning because the road was blocked and helicopter couldn't land in the mountain at night.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Many people have died because they were trapped under the rebel and couldn't be rescued in time.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I saw the post in Facebook.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They're saying in one village, every 10 minutes there is a funeral.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Syed Nizami.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Well, we're unlikely to know the true number of dead for days, as many roads to the remote areas hit are still blocked.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Our South Asia correspondent, Yugit Alimaye, spoke to us from the eastern city of Jalalabad and told us what she'd managed to see so far.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We started from Jalalabad towards the epicentre of the earthquake, But even this afternoon, we were not able to get anywhere close to the area.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The road blocked initially because of landslides.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They did work to clear that.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But then this was a really kind of narrow mud track, I would say, in a village.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And it was completely backed up with vehicles, traffic running for hours, people trying to go in, ambulances just stuck for hours and hours.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But we did go to the airbase in this province, in this city, where the Taliban government have been running helicopter services.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They told us that they did about 100 flights every day.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In fact, we were at the base for about half an hour, 45 minutes, and we already saw two or three helicopters come in and go out.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And we saw the injured being brought in.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And that really was a crucial lifeline because it was impossible to reach the worst affected areas.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Kunar province, as our colleague was pointing out earlier, mountainous terrain, really rugged landscape.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But also, these places are really tiny hamlets which are scattered all over the place.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So sometimes, you know, a little hamlet would perhaps just be four or five homes.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And if you see the aerial footage that has been shared by the government, which they've taken from helicopters, you can see that these are, you know, small, small hamlets that have been completely flattened.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: At the best of times, they would have been really difficult to access and nearly impossible to reach right now.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So that process is going to be extremely slow.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Culturally as well, you know, the dead are not necessarily all brought back to the hospital to hear the big city, Jalalabad.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They will all just be buried in the area.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So we will perhaps never know the true scale of the disaster.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And of course, they're coming into the biggest public hospital in the area, which is in the city, Jalalabad.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Now, I've been there even a year ago.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I was actually there.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And without a disaster, it was still overwhelmed.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It was still overstretched.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And today, you know, we were inside it for quite a while and it was really struggling to cope with the people coming in.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Because Afghanistan is suffering so many problems.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's got drought, hunger, severe aid cuts because of the Taliban's position on women.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: What resources do the Taliban have to help those people that they're able to reach?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Well, so hospital, I mean, medical facilities, we've seen it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And particularly in this year, because we've seen the US cut all eight to Afghanistan, we are seeing medical facilities really bearing the brunt of it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And this is a country that is reeling under severe drought.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's experiencing what is called an unprecedented crisis of hunger by the UN.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And of course, the Taliban's policy, specifically its restrictions on women, mean that many donors might not want to send funds to this country.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Yugita Limoye in Afghanistan.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Russia has been accused of sabotage after the navigation system of a plane carrying the President of the European Commission failed.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The GPS stopped functioning just as Ursula von der Leyen's plane was coming into land in Bulgaria.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The Financial Times reported that the pilots, after circling for a while, ended up using paper maps to ensure that they landed safely.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: An EU spokesperson, Arianna Podesta, said they'd received information from Bulgaria that blatant interference by Russia was behind the incident.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We are, of course, aware and used to the threats and intimidations that are a regular component of Russia's hostile behavior.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And, of course, the EU will continue to invest into defense spending and in Europe's readiness even more after this incident.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Ms. von der Leyen was visiting Bulgaria as part of a tour of Eastern European Union states to discuss their defence readiness against Russia.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, there has been a notable increase in GPS jamming, which EU governments have warned could cause an air disaster one day
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Moscow denies any involvement
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So how dangerous was this?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: David Leomant is an aviation expert
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Not particularly, especially if you're flying on official duty for the European Commission because you've got an aircraft which has got equipment.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That rather expects jamming, especially if it's flying in the direction of Eastern Europe.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In fact, any airliner nowadays that flies in Eastern Europe should expect jamming for at least part of its journey.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's jamming of the GPS.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It doesn't jam every navigation aid.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But the idea that you have to get out...
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Actually, I assumed it was a paper map.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I think the copy refers to an analogue map.
--:-- Janet Jalee: An analogue map, yes.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Nowadays, pilots don't usually carry paper maps.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Some might do.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I don't think they'd be at all phased by having to get them out because what they actually use nowadays is maps, which might as well be on paper, but they're on the face of an iPad.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: GPS is a luxury.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It gives you huge accuracy.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And if you have to go back to analogue, you don't have quite the same degree of accuracy, but it's quite good enough.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Is there a separate problem though, which is once you've come to rely on GPS, you lack the expertise from using analogue?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You might.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I think I could see quite a lot of pilots, not me, because I'm old and I'm used to the old systems, but I can see quite a lot of people being a little bit phased.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I'm a little bit surprised by the report that the pilot decided to circle for an hour before deciding to use the analog that they have available to.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Now, don't forget, there are all sorts of things you've got.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You've got ground radio navigation aids that you can tune into, and they're like lighthouses.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You just look towards them and you know where you are relative to them.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You know how far away, you know which direction they are, therefore you know where you are.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You know, you really can call up air traffic control and say, you can see me on radar, give me a hand, please.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: David Learmount speaking to Sarah Montague.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Officials in Ukraine say the man suspected of assassinating a pro-Western politician on Saturday was acting in coordination with Russia.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Andrew Paraby was shot dead in the western city of Lviv.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Paul Moss reports.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: missing in action.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Ukraine's interior minister said the murder had been carefully planned, the victim's movements studied, and his escape thought through.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Paul Moss.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: A group of the world's leading experts on genocide say Israel's actions in Gaza meet the legal definition of genocide.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The resolution by the International Association of Genocide Scholars adds to the growing number of legal experts warning that Israel is committing war crimes.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Israel is also facing mounting international criticism, even from traditional allies.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Israel has rejected this resolution, saying it's entirely based on a campaign of lies by Hamas.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Emma Nader reports from Jerusalem.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So this is a declaration passed by the International Association of Genocide Scholars, which is the world's leading and largest professional Association of Genocide Scholars, including many Holocaust experts.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Among their 500 members, we understand 28% took part in the vote and around 86% voted in favour of passing this declaration.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's a whole litany of policies and actions taken by Israel in the war that this resolution presents, saying that it constitutes not only genocide, but war crimes and crimes against humanity, pointing to the widespread decimation of Gaza's healthcare sector, aid, educational sector.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It points to the reported 50,000 Palestinian children in Gaza who've either been killed or injured, saying that that would severely impact the ability of Palestinians as a group to survive.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It also points to the language used by Israeli political leaders, how some of them have fully supported plans to forcibly expel all of Gaza's two million Palestinians, as well as the total, near total decimation of housing in the Gaza Strip.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Now, Israel has vehemently denied and rejected this declaration, calling it based on Hamas lies, saying it's poorly researched.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And indeed, Israel has long rejected accusations that it is guilty of genocide in this war.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Now, most Western governments, and indeed the United Nations, have said that it is a court that should rule on whether Israel is committing genocide.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: There is a case in front of the International Court of Justice at the minute, but that might take years to come.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Israel has been granted an extension to present its defence until January 2026.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And so until then, while many other organisations, rights organisations, have said that they find Israel guilty of genocide, until that ruling by the International Court of Justice, many governments won't find these kind of declarations as authoritative.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Emi and Adda in Jerusalem.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Russia's Vladimir Putin and India's Narendra Modi were among 20 or so world leaders who attended a summit in China hosted by Xi Jinping, intended to challenge US dominance.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And this week also sees the Chinese president overseeing a military parade in the capital Beijing to mark the end of the Second World War, which is expected to showcase the country's growing arsenal.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: China now has the largest maritime force in the world.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Our China correspondent Laura Bicker sent this report.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I'm in a very windy Dalian on the east coast of China, just about four hours train ride from Beijing.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: This is the cradle of China's shipbuilding industry.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And it's here that they've built the most ships for the Chinese Navy.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Do you see the ships every day?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: 50-year-old Mr Liu is live streaming from the park in a bright floral shirt, a distinctive pattern in this region of China.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Shipbuilding companies bring job opportunities and lots of welfare benefits to Dalian residents.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I'm very proud of Dalian.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: President Xi vowed that his country would never be humiliated by foreign powers.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: China has been invaded more than 470 times by sea.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And it's that never again mentality that has propelled this country not just to be the biggest shipbuilding force in the world, but to now have the largest maritime force in the world.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Well, the scale is extraordinary and it is across a broad spectrum.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So it's not just naval capabilities, but it's Coast Guard capabilities.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's maritime militia.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Nick Childs is a maritime expert with the International Institute of Strategic Studies and says China's shipbuilding capacity is currently 200 times that of the US.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So it is on a scale that is in many ways eye-watering and it certainly suddenly caught the attention, I think, of the United States because the United States Navy, while it still has significant advantages is seeing the gap because its shipbuilding capacity has dwindled significantly over the past decades.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: China is fostering national pride in its navy.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Tour guides lead busloads of visitors into a theme park built to honour its maritime power.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The whole theme park is built like an aircraft carrier and what would be the runway to land jets.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You've got people wandering around eating their ice creams, buying souvenirs, including military uniforms.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: China only has two operational aircraft carriers with a third in sea trials
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It also has far fewer submarines than the US
--:-- Janet Jaleel: This limits its capacity to sail far from its own shores
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But there are signs this is changing and fast
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Rehearsals for a huge military parade to be held in Beijing this week have already previewed some of the country's emerging technology, including hypersonic weapons and at least two new types of underwater drone.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That report by Laura Bicker in China.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Still to come... An overnight concert in London that is intended to make the audience nod off.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Max Richter's landmark eight-hour work, Sleep.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Hi, I'm Cindy Crawford and I'm the founder of Meaningful Beauty.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: When Dr. Sabah and I decided to do a skincare line together, he said to me, we are going to give women meaningful beauty.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And I said, that's exactly right.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We want to give women meaningful beauty, which means each and every product is meaningful.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It has a reason to exist.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's efficacious.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You're going to get results.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And then you just go out and live your life.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Meaningful beauty.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Confidence is beautiful.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Learn more at MeaningfulBeauty.com.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: According to a nationwide survey conducted by GeneSight, nearly 9 in 10 Americans who've been diagnosed with depression or anxiety believe that mental health medications are somewhat or very effective.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: However, despite that belief, more than half of those individuals say they have avoided taking medication due to concerns about potential side effects.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's why Dr. Whitney Brown, a family and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner based in Alabama, often recommends genetic testing to our patients as part of their treatment journey.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Dr. Brown explains.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: As part of my treatment plan, I offer the GeneSight test, which analyzes how a patient's genes may influence how they metabolize or respond to certain mental health medications.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It gives me insights and takes out some of the guesswork that can be associated with prescribing them.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: If you or someone you love is facing challenges with depression or anxiety, talk to your doctor about how genetic testing may help.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: To learn more, visit genesight.com.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's genesight.com.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: This message is sponsored by Greenlight.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: With school out, summer is the perfect time to teach our kids real-world money skills they'll use forever.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Greenlight is a debit card and the number one family finance and safety app used by millions of families, helping kids learn how to save, invest, and spend wisely.
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--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's greenlight.com slash iHeart.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: To Guyana now, the small South American nation which has in recent years experienced a massive oil boom.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Turning it into one of the world's fastest growing economies.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But how can it escape the resource curse?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's a question the Guyanese were pondering as they cast their votes to decide who will manage the country's billions.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In terms of oil, we have innumerable sources of wealth, gold, minerals and so on, bauxite, forestry and all of that.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But they're not using it wisely.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Most of it is being taken out of the country without people paying the due taxes and revenue that they ought to.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We need a change for better.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We need a better leader.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: We need a leader that's concerned about the people of Guyana.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Not just a leader who's just concerned about friends and family, getting friends and family richer and richer, and the people of Guyana just be living poorer and poorer all the time.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Polls closed shortly before we recorded this podcast, but results are not yet in.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: President Irfan Ali, who's seeking re-election, is facing two main challenges.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But whoever wins the presidency will also have to contend with Venezuela, which is trying to claim the region where most of Guyana's oil wealth is produced.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Our Central America correspondent, Will Grant, told us more about what's at stake in the elections.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Guyana is only 800,000 people but there has been this economic boom that you've mentioned because of these recent offshore oil discoveries.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Now Guyana is essentially one of the world's fastest growing economies.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's had double digit growth for the past five years.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The International Monetary Fund says the country's GDP has increased fivefold since 2020.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So obviously that's given the ruling party a lot of money to play with.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They're in a strong position.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The president, Irfan Ali, is in a strong position.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But there are people who say that they haven't spent that money wisely, essentially that it's been squandered.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I was going to ask you about that.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: How has this huge oil wealth been managed?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Well, in part, the ruling party has used it for new infrastructure in the capital, Georgetown.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: There have been unconditional social payments made to every resident, every citizen, I should say, over the age of 18 of around $350.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: All of that has strengthened President Ali's position with the electorate.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But opposition candidates and the opposition coalition believe that things are getting worse in terms of the disparity between the wealthy and the poorest, in terms of the cost of living and the continuing issues of sort of nepotism and corruption in the country haven't improved either, they say.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And another issue is the tensions with Venezuela, which is casting a shadow of these elections.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Yes, even today on Election Day itself, security forces in the country say a boat which was carrying election officials and ballot boxes was shot at by the Venezuelan shore in that contested region of Esquibol.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Obviously, that is a real concern for the Guyanese defense force and the police in that country.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The Venezuelan defense minister have said that they had nothing to do with it, denies any involvement and accuses the country of inciting a conflict.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But yes, it is the background mood music to the entire election in a sense.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Will Grant, wherever you're listening to us in the world, the web address in your country will end with a two-letter code.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Here in the UK, it's .uk.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In the US, it's .us.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You get the idea.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It is perhaps unsurprising then, the tiny Caribbean island of Anguilla, which was assigned .ai, has in recent years found a great way to make money out of it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Nick Miles heard more from Jacob Evans.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Since the boom of artificial intelligence, really, the number of people buying these websites has almost gone up tenfold in the last five years alone and doubled in the last year as well.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And for last year, for Anguilla, they said that this brought in basically about US$40 million, which is almost a quarter of its entire GDP.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And they expect that to go up again to about US$50 million this year.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And every time they've sort of reviewed and looked at what this domain revenue is bringing in, they've actually undersold it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And they're actually getting way more than they actually thought.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And this is huge for an island like Anguilla because it's a tiny island, about 16,000 people, almost entirely reliant on tourism and importing things because it hasn't got much arable land and things like that.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So having a diversifying economy and something which isn't prone to challenges either because it's in the North Atlantic hurricane belt and relying on tourism, you get a pandemic, you get a hurricane, that can decimate the entirety of your income stream.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: This is a different income stream which they're hoping they can make sustainable and for long-term investment.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And guaranteeing that income stream for years and decades in the future is important because a lot of these islands have brain drains.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: People leave, don't they?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Absolutely, yeah.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And I think that's one of the biggest things for Anguilla.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: As much as this is a positive and in the moment it's really good, these things can plateau.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: There's only so much that these number of addresses can go up.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And whilst it on the way up now that will begin to level out
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And it about what do we do in the immediate future so for the new premier of the island Cora Richardson she made a pledge to sort of offset some of those costs which the Anguillans are facing right now Sort of a global cost of living crisis.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: They want to offset import taxes, like I said, lots of things are imported, and try and save Anguillans money now.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But what is really important, and speaking to economists and to the IMF as well, is securing long-term investment, whether that's in schools, whether that's in infrastructure, whether that's sort of in tertiary education, to make sure that they can use this money to build up and diversify their economy even further.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Jacob Evans.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The former British, European and Commonwealth heavyweight boxing champion Joe Bugner has died at the age of 75.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He'd been living with dementia.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In a career spanning four decades, he fought everyone from Muhammad Ali to Joe Frazier to Henry Cooper.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Ade Ederdoyne looks back at his life.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: His nickname was Aussie Joe.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He was born in Hungary but made his name here in England.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He shot to prominence at the age of 21.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But one of the most controversial victories in British boxing history Bugner claiming the British European and Commonwealth titles by the narrowest of margins from a national treasure in Henry Cooper.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He's given it to Joe Bugner and I find that amazing.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: A decision which caused outrage and left a deep and lasting impact on him.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I think personally it was one of the most hurtful, painful results a fighter could have had because they chased me out of my beautiful country, England, because I'd be a legend.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In a remarkable 32-year professional career, he fought the biggest names in the sport.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: At the peak of his powers, he shared the ring with legends like Joe Fraser and Muhammad Ali twice.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's a good attack on Wagner.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: After 57 fights, I must be as pretty as you, if not prettier.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Yes, he's pretty.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I meant you're pretty.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But you won't be pretty alone.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He even got in the ring with Frank Bruno late in his career.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And not just a star in the ring, but also on the screen.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He was a personality well beyond the boxing ring and a housewife's favourite.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: He spent the final years of his life in Australia where he got the nickname Aussie Joe, but who will be forever remembered as one of the greatest heavyweights to emerge from England.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Ade Adedoyne on the life of the former heavyweight boxing champion Joe Bugner, who has died at the age of 75.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Later this week, a concert with a difference is happening at Alexandra Palace here in London, with an audience staying there overnight to experience the composer Max Richter's landmark eight-hour work, Sleep.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The album is 10 years old this month.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's been played at locations, as diverse as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Wall of China.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And it's been described as the lullaby for a frenetic world.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It sounds like this.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Max Richter explained what had inspired him to write the work.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I mean the starting point of the piece actually was an experience which Julia my partner had of listening in to concerts which I was giving in some other part of the world so she was listening sort of at crazy hours of the night and when I get back we talk about this and she was saying that this is an amazingly sort of profound way to experience music in this sort of borderland sort of liminal space between waking and sleeping and how emotional that was and she was saying we really need to make a piece about this and investigate this space.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So, you know, I went away and did some thinking and also consulted with David Eagleman, a neuroscientist, a friend of mine who I've worked with previously, and started to assemble a kind of vocabulary for a piece of music that could kind of accompany the sleeping mind through the night.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Yeah, I wonder as an artist, because the way that this is performed, people, they'll have their own bed.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Some of them will sleep for part of it, even though some will stay awake for the whole time.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: As an artist, the idea that somebody might not be fully present for all of your work, how do you reconcile yourself with that, that they might miss great chunks of it?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I'm really fine with that.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: You know, if people are sleeping, then the piece is working on some level.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: I mean, it's a piece without any rules.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And when we play at life, as you said, you know, some people stay awake, they treat it as a concert.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Other people, you know, they turn up, and they basically go to bed and we see them in the morning.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So, you know, there are a lot of different ways to experience this piece.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But I think for us as musicians, when we're playing, we see ourselves really as accompanists to something that's happening in that room, you know, which is hundreds of people, many of them strangers, coming together in an unfamiliar place and deciding to trust one another to go to sleep.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It's very much about a kind of a community forming during that performance.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: What do you do, if anything, about one of the greatest scourges when it comes to sleep, people's mobile phones?
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Well, I mean, I do suggest that people, you know, put their phones away.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: But like I said, you know, it's really not a performance where I want to try and prescribe too much.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Really, it's like, you know, every artwork is in some sense, you know, 50% the work and 50%, you know, the listener's biography, their feeling, their enthusiasms for the music.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: So there's a kind of a dialogue that's set up.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And I think that is, you know, it's best experienced without too many distractions, that's for sure.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The composer Max Richter talking to Anna Foster about his eight hour work, Sleep.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: A man who was caught on camera at the US Open last week snatching a cap that a tennis star had proffered to a young boy in the crowd has apologised after the video went viral, sparking a huge online backlash.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Piotr Szczecierek, a Polish businessman, said he'd made a grave mistake.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The tennis star, Kamil Myszak, who hadn't realised what was happening at the time, managed to track his young fan down to give him another cap, as Harry Bly reports.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The 50-year-old chief executive of a Polish paving company took to social media on Monday, where he unequivocally apologised to the boy, his family, the fans and the player himself.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: It all started last Thursday, when the tennis player Kamil Maichsak, who had just won his match at the US Open, was meeting fans in the stands and signing autographs.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The video shows the tennis player offering his cap to the child before Piotr Szczerik appears to take it.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And after the video went viral, the reaction was ferocious, with comments like, That's despicable.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: That's like taking candy from a baby.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And this is absolutely disgusting to watch.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Mr. Shachetik was quickly identified with many people leaving poor reviews on his business.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: In his apology, Mr. Shachetik said he was convinced the tennis player had been passing the hat in his direction.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The boy who had the hat snatched away was tracked down too at the request of Kamil Maishak.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: The pair reunited over the weekend, with the player sharing a video of him giving the young fan his very own cap.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: Harry Bly reporting.
--:-- Janet Jaleel: And that's all from us for now, but there will be
