--:-- Noelle King: Welcome to Today Explained. I'm Noelle King.
--:-- Anna Scott: I'm a reporter for KCRW in Los Angeles, and I covered what happened next.
--:-- Noelle King: What it tells us about homelessness and resilience and American priorities.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's not all bad news. Coming up on Today Explained.
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--:-- Noelle King: It's Today Explained. I'm Noelle King.
--:-- Anna Scott: Anna Scott covers homelessness for the public radio station KCRW in Los Angeles.
--:-- Noelle King: Now, L.A. has been at the center of this country's homelessness crisis for a long time.
--:-- Anna Scott: Still have something close to 70,000 unhoused people all over Los Angeles County.
--:-- Noelle King: In the city of L.A., we have a new mayor, Karen Bass, who has declared this a priority and launched a new program to try to get people off the streets quickly.
--:-- Anna Scott: It is a humanitarian crisis that takes the life of five people every day.
--:-- Noelle King: But that is still in the early stages and it is still very much a crisis.
--:-- Anna Scott: Anna is the host of a new podcast from KCRW called City of Tents, Veterans Row.
--:-- Noelle King: It's about a rather unusual encampment of unhoused military veterans.
--:-- Anna Scott: So the camp isn't there anymore, but the podcast tracks its rise and fall throughout 2021.
--:-- Noelle King: And this was in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in L.A., in Brentwood, which if you don't live in L.A., maybe you've heard of Brentwood because of the O.J. Simpson case, perhaps.
--:-- Anna Scott: Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were found stabbed to death outside her Brentwood condominium on Sunday night.
--:-- Noelle King: Like, it's a very ritzy area, not a place that 10, 15 years ago you would have seen large encampments, but they had a very big one, one of the biggest in Los Angeles that was full of unhoused military veterans throughout a lot of 2020 and 2021.
--:-- Anna Scott: Paint me a picture.
--:-- Noelle King: I lived in Los Angeles for a couple of years. I remember Brentwood very well.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's hard to imagine a homeless encampment in that part of L.A.
--:-- Noelle King: Yeah, this is how I started on this story in the first place because it was so eye-catching.
--:-- Anna Scott: I was getting all of these phone calls and text messages from people asking me what was going on in Brentwood.
--:-- Noelle King: So I went to check it out.
--:-- Anna Scott: And if you're coming into Brentwood on San Vicente Boulevard, which is this big six-lane street that kind of loops into the commercial heart of Brentwood, and right there on a very long block across the street from upscale restaurants and condo buildings was this huge encampment.
--:-- Noelle King: About 40 big 10 by 14 matching identical camping tents with matching identical 3 by 5 American flags pinned to the front.
--:-- Anna Scott: A very key thing about the location, it was also right beside a huge Veterans Affairs medical campus.
--:-- Noelle King: And it's enormous. For people that don't live in L.A., this is about half the size of Central Park in New York City.
--:-- Anna Scott: And when we say military veterans were living there, what does that mean? Who were the kind of people that you met reporting on this?
--:-- Noelle King: There was a Navy veteran in his 60s named John Raposo, who's one of the very first people that I met there, who told me a lot about the culture of the camp and the camaraderie that existed there and the reasons that he was there.
--:-- Anna Scott: I'd feel really, really lonely right now in an apartment by myself.
--:-- Noelle King: I was in the Air Force. I did two years.
--:-- Anna Scott: They had all served their country.
--:-- Noelle King: Army, yes.
--:-- Anna Scott: I was trying to be everything that I could be.
--:-- Noelle King: They all lived on a sidewalk outside of the Veterans Affairs Building in one of L.A.'s fanciest neighborhoods.
--:-- Anna Scott: And there, they'd run right up against the VA, the police, the wealthy neighbors, and they'd attract some supporters.
--:-- Noelle King: I feel like this is a gift from God, that this is something I can help so much so close.
--:-- Anna Scott: Anna Scott, a reporter for KCRW in Los Angeles, covered what happened next.
--:-- Noelle King: What it tells us about homelessness and resilience and American priorities.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's not all bad news. Coming up on Today Explained.
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--:-- Anna Scott: Today, today, explain. Today, explain.
--:-- Noelle King: All the way back in 2010, under President Obama, this country started a very big and ongoing push specifically to house homeless veterans.
--:-- Anna Scott: We're not going to stop until every veteran who has defended America has a home in America.
--:-- Noelle King: That's a basic commitment that we have to uphold.
--:-- Anna Scott: And we have actually seen quite a bit of success with that.
--:-- Noelle King: The success has been less dramatic since about 2015, 2016, but it has been ongoing.
--:-- Anna Scott: And that was true here in L.A. too.
--:-- Noelle King: We had a lot of progress in cutting veteran homelessness between 2010 and about 2016.
--:-- Anna Scott: But here in L.A. unlike other cities around the country we have really been stuck since then at about 4 veterans in L County even as other cities around the country and other counties have ended veteran homelessness altogether
--:-- Noelle King: If we were to look nationwide what would it cost to get homeless veterans housed more broadly
--:-- Anna Scott: It's hard to put an exact dollar amount on it
--:-- Noelle King: Other cities and counties around the country outside of L.A. have ended this problem of veteran homelessness specifically.
--:-- Anna Scott: And here in L.A., we have some unique challenges that have gotten in the way, the biggest one being our incredibly expensive housing market.
--:-- Noelle King: Rents have gone up a lot in recent years, which makes it easier to become homeless in the first place.
--:-- Anna Scott: And also much harder to use things like rental vouchers because landlords can usually just make more money renting to the highest bidder.
--:-- Noelle King: One of the reasons that I even took on this story in the first place, though, is because veteran homelessness, unlike homelessness in general, feels like it really should be solvable.
--:-- Anna Scott: Even in L.A. County, 4,000 unhoused veterans compared to the larger crisis, it's not that many.
--:-- Noelle King: And it feels like we do have the resources and the systems in place where we should be able to at least end the crisis for this one sliver of people.
--:-- Anna Scott: What is the federal government doing to solve this problem nationally?
--:-- Noelle King: Well, the push that started under the Obama administration.
--:-- Anna Scott: Recently, President Biden has declared that this is a priority again.
--:-- Noelle King: Helping veterans afford the rent because no one should be homeless in America, especially someone who served the country.
--:-- Anna Scott: Some of those efforts weren't continued during the Trump administration.
--:-- Noelle King: And also that administration just had a generally different philosophy on how to address homelessness.
--:-- Anna Scott: That did affect some of the policies, but the current administration is saying that they're prioritizing it once again.
--:-- Noelle King: I mean, the jury's still out, certainly here in Los Angeles.
--:-- Anna Scott: We haven't really seen the numbers budge for a long time, and that didn't change with our most recent point-in-time count.
--:-- Noelle King: But they're saying that they are doubling down on those things, and nationwide, there has been a decline over the last couple of years.
--:-- Anna Scott: So we'll see what happens in Los Angeles in the coming years.
--:-- Noelle King: Anna, you've been covering homelessness for seven years now.
--:-- Anna Scott: You spent a considerable amount of time down on Veterans Row looking at this very specific situation, but maybe a situation that is not entirely unique.
--:-- Noelle King: What is the lesson that you take from the story of Veterans Row, both what worked and what didn't?
--:-- Anna Scott: Well, I think that Veterans Row was a microcosm for the larger veteran homelessness crisis.
--:-- Noelle King: But then veteran homelessness can be this interesting microcosm or case study that can teach us things about how to solve homelessness more broadly.
--:-- Anna Scott: So there's no reason that things that have worked to help unhoused veterans couldn't work for non-veterans.
--:-- Noelle King: Veterans are not any easier to house, you know, inherently or anything like that.
--:-- Anna Scott: They just received more assistance.
--:-- Noelle King: And so we've seen the numbers go down quite a lot.
--:-- Anna Scott: Now, there's no reason in theory that we couldn't extend some of the policies that have worked for veterans to non-veterans.
--:-- Noelle King: Like, Congress could, again, in theory, fully fund Section 8, for example, for everybody so that there's no more lottery.
--:-- Anna Scott: So it's just if you're eligible, you get a voucher.
--:-- Noelle King: That would be a big boost for people who can't afford rent.
--:-- Anna Scott: We could, in a place like L.A. County, hire an army of social workers bigger than the LAPD to do street outreach and match people to resources.
--:-- Noelle King: Now, when you put it like that, of course, it sounds very pie in the sky.
--:-- Anna Scott: It would be very expensive to do these things, but in theory, they're possible.
--:-- Noelle King: These things that have worked for veterans could work for everyone.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's just the scale of what you would have to do makes it very daunting.
--:-- Noelle King: I hear you saying that when we pass unhoused people, homeless people in the street, and we look at them and we think, oh, my God, this has been going on for so long.
--:-- Anna Scott: There is no real solution to this.
--:-- Noelle King: I hear you saying, no, there is.
--:-- Anna Scott: We do actually know how to fix this.
--:-- Noelle King: We do have solutions.
--:-- Anna Scott: What it's going to take is commitment and what it's going to take is money.
--:-- Anna Scott: And I don't want to minimize, of course, how hard those things are.
--:-- Noelle King: There was a study very recently that quantified for the first time what it would take to end homelessness in just California in terms of dollars, and it was $8 billion a year for 12 years.
--:-- Noelle King: So that's a huge amount of money.
--:-- Anna Scott: Now, also, along with that, we'd probably need an entirely new social contract because, generally speaking, we've been able to pass these measures for veterans because people across the political spectrum agree that veterans deserve something back from government, from taxpayers.
--:-- Noelle King: They deserve assistance.
--:-- Anna Scott: That's not really true of everybody else.
--:-- Noelle King: So I don't want to minimize how hard, you know, getting the will and the money to make these things happen would be.
--:-- Anna Scott: But maybe there's even some downsized version of some of the things we've done for veterans that you could do for everybody.
--:-- Noelle King: One of the takeaways that I really want people to have is that this is not an intractable problem.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's not a mysterious problem.
--:-- Noelle King: We do know the causes of it.
--:-- Anna Scott: Mostly at the root of it is housing affordability and housing availability.
--:-- Noelle King: And we do know the things that work to fix it and veterans are just one case study.
--:-- Anna Scott: But applying those things more broadly comes with a huge amount of challenges.
--:-- Noelle King: That was Anna Scott.
--:-- Anna Scott: She's the host of KCRW's very good new podcast, City of Tents, Veterans Row.
--:-- Noelle King: Today's episode was produced by Avishai Artsy and edited by Matthew Collette.
--:-- Anna Scott: It was fact-checked by Laura Bullard and engineered by Patrick Boyd.
--:-- Noelle King: I'm Noelle King.
--:-- Anna Scott: It's Today Explained.
--:-- Noelle King: We'll see you next time.
--:-- Noelle King: That may have been too much feeling.
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