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--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Welcome to Today, Explained. I'm Sean Rameswaram.
--:-- Noel King: And I'm Noel King.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Today, a new definition of the kilogram officially takes effect. But it's just one piece in the massively complicated history of weight.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And we're going to dive into it with Brian Resnick from Vox.
--:-- Brian Resnick: Thanks for having me on the show.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: So, what's the big news about the kilogram?
--:-- Brian Resnick: Well, the news isn't just big. It's massive. The kilogram, which is the world's standard unit of mass, is being redefined. And that change goes into effect today.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And it's not just a minor tweak. The kilogram was previously defined by a physical object in France, known as the International Kilogram Standard, or IPK.
--:-- Brian Resnick: That's right. The IPK was a real physical object, a thing that was kept under three bell jars outside of Paris. It was created in the late 1800s to be this permanent representation of weight that the whole entire world could use.
--:-- Noel King: And it's about an inch and a half, two inches high. It's like a hockey puck. It's made out of a shiny metal and it weighs exactly a kilogram.
--:-- Brian Resnick: But the problem with the IPK is that it's frustratingly imperfect. Scientists think it's lost about 50 micrograms since it was created.
--:-- Noel King: That's a tiny amount, but it's enough to cause problems. So, what's the new definition of the kilogram?
--:-- Brian Resnick: Well, it's really complicated. But basically, the kilogram is being redefined in terms of a fundamental concept in the universe, called the Planck constant.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. The Planck constant is a mathematical constant that describes how energy works and really small bits of matter.
--:-- Brian Resnick: And the new definition of the kilogram is tied to the Planck constant in the same way that our understanding of the meter is fixed to the speed of light.
--:-- Noel King: That's a great way to put it. So, how does this new definition work in practice?
--:-- Brian Resnick: Well, it's actually quite simple. The new definition of the kilogram is based on a machine called a kibble balance.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. The kibble balance is a device that uses a combination of lasers, magnets, and a great wheel to measure the Planck constant.
--:-- Brian Resnick: And it's really precise. It can measure the Planck constant to within a tiny fraction of a percent.
--:-- Noel King: That's amazing. And what are the practical implications of this new definition?
--:-- Brian Resnick: Well, one of the biggest implications is that it makes it easier to measure weight and mass. No longer do we need to rely on a physical object like the IPK.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And it's also a big step towards making measurements more universal and consistent.
--:-- Brian Resnick: Exactly. And it's not just about science. It's also about making our lives easier.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And we're going to talk more about that in a minute.
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--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Welcome back to Today, Explained. I'm Sean Rameswaram.
--:-- Noel King: And I'm Noel King.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: We're talking about the new definition of the kilogram, and how it's changing the way we measure weight and mass.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And we're joined now by Avery Truffleman, who's working on a new podcast called Nice Try.
--:-- Avery Truffleman: Thanks for having me on the show.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: So, what's Nice Try about?
--:-- Avery Truffleman: Nice Try is a podcast about utopias and failed utopias. It's in collaboration with Curbed, and it's all about urbanism and cities.
--:-- Noel King: That sounds fascinating. And what's the first episode about?
--:-- Avery Truffleman: The first episode is about a free love utopia that went corporate and turned into a company that makes something that's still around today.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: That sounds intriguing. And when can listeners expect to hear the first episode?
--:-- Avery Truffleman: The first episode will be out on May 30th, and there will be seven episodes in total.
--:-- Noel King: Great. And where can listeners find Nice Try?
--:-- Avery Truffleman: They can find it wherever they listen to their podcasts.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Thanks for joining us, Avery.
--:-- Avery Truffleman: Thanks for having me.
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--:-- Linda Anderman: Hi, I'm Linda Anderman.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Hi, Linda. You're a blogger and you're working on a book about the history of the metric system.
--:-- Linda Anderman: That's right. My book is called America's Biggest Miscalculation.
--:-- Noel King: And you've written about the metric system on your blog, More Than a Mile Behind.
--:-- Linda Anderman: That's right. I've gotten over 300,000 page views on my blog, and it's all about the metric system.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Wow, that's impressive. And what's the main argument of your book?
--:-- Linda Anderman: The main argument of my book is that the United States made a big mistake by not adopting the metric system.
--:-- Noel King: That's right. And what are some of the consequences of not adopting the metric system?
--:-- Linda Anderman: Well, one of the consequences is that we have a lot of problems with measurement errors in medicine and science.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: That's right. And what about in other areas, like space exploration?
--:-- Linda Anderman: Yes, even in space exploration. The Mars Polar Lander, for example, was a mission that was lost because of a measurement error.
--:-- Noel King: That's a great example. And what do you think is the main reason why the United States didn't adopt the metric system?
--:-- Linda Anderman: I think it's because people were afraid of change. They didn't want to give up their old system of measurement.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: That's a good point. And do you think it's too late to adopt the metric system now?
--:-- Linda Anderman: I don't think it's too late. I think it would actually be easier to adopt the metric system now than it would have been in the past.
--:-- Noel King: That's a great point. And what do you hope people take away from your book?
--:-- Linda Anderman: I hope people take away the importance of measurement and the need for a universal system of measurement.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Thanks for joining us, Linda.
--:-- Linda Anderman: Thanks for having me.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Thanks for listening to Today, Explained. I'm Sean Rameswaram.
--:-- Noel King: And I'm Noel King.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Join us tomorrow for another episode of Today, Explained.
--:-- Noel King: And don't forget to subscribe to our podcast.
--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Thanks for listening.
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