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--:-- Sean Rameswaram: Support for Today Explained comes from Saks Fifth Avenue. Fall is here. Might be time to find some nice new pieces you can wear again and again. With Saks Fifth Avenue, it can be a breeze to shop for your personal style, like maybe a relaxed Prada blazer or Gucci loafers that are great for both work and the weekend.
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--:-- Sean Rameswaram: How bad will a Trump presidency be for the climate? There's a lot to be hopeful about. What gives you that hope?
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Hi, I'm John Glenn Hill, and we get a lot of calls to the Explain It To Me hotline. And quite a few have been from listeners wondering, what's going on with climate change? We know that President Donald Trump is a climate skeptic, and he's been doing a lot in his three months back in office to slow down the climate progress that's been made. So where does that leave us now?
--:-- John Glenn Hill: To answer this question, I brought in a colleague, someone whose job it is to think about the changing climate and who knows how to cover it in a way that doesn't make us want to throw up our hands in despair. So I am Paige Vega. I'm Vox's climate editor, and I think I'm the only Voxer that lives in southwestern Colorado. I live in a little mountain town in the Four Corners region, and I've got two dogs, and we hang out in the mountains. And yeah, it's a pretty nice situation.
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah, I'm very jealous of your access to green chili. I want to play you these questions we got from a listener named Sophie. My main questions are, what, as related to climate change, is likely to happen at the federal level? What's the risk in terms of our ability to address the climate crisis? And then what can be done at a state and local level to make meaningful action towards addressing the climate crisis?
--:-- Paige Vega: So I have good news for listeners and readers like Sophie who are concerned about what they're seeing come out of the White House and Trump's executive actions to derail the clean energy transition and climate progress. The news is our climate is not doomed. Full stop. Trump is doing a lot of things, but we are unlikely to see all of the momentum that's been building for years around the clean energy transition fully stop.
--:-- Paige Vega: And if you do take a step back and look at the economic trends associated with wind, solar, renewable energies of all kinds across the board, EVs. The picture is much bigger than just the United States. And on the global scale, there is a lot to be hopeful about there.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Okay. I want to get into the Trump of it all. What is the president doing to kind of stymie that climate progress?
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah, he's doing a lot. And readers are right to be concerned about all of the headlines that they've been seeing over the last, you know, several weeks and months since Trump took office. But the one thing that's really important to keep in mind here before we go down, you know, this long list of assaults is that Joe Biden actually produced more oil than Trump did in his first term.
--:-- Paige Vega: And one thing that I talk about a lot with Fox's other climate reporters is how do we make good decisions around the stories that we're covering coming out of Trump? Because he says a lot of things, but does what he says actually translate to concrete action and consequences? And we looked back at his first term and wanted to really interrogate, like, what are the lasting legacies in terms of climate and energy policy that came out of Trump one? And there wasn't actually a lot that stuck.
--:-- Paige Vega: So what happened is Trump did a lot of similar things that we're seeing him do now during his first term. But then Biden came into office and reversed a lot of those policies. A couple examples here. Trump pulled us out of the Paris Agreement. I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris. Biden put us back into the Paris Agreement. And as of today, the United States is officially once again a party to the Paris Agreement, which we helped put together.
--:-- Paige Vega: Trump is also attempting to curtail the ability of states to regulate vehicle emissions. We saw him do that in his first term. The assault on the American auto industry, believe me, is over. Biden came into office and reversed that. The United States of America will meet our emissions targets by 2030.
--:-- Paige Vega: So Trump, on day one of his second term here, he declared an energy emergency. We will drill, baby, drill. And had a flurry of executive orders that are all really intended to gut federal climate efforts, roll back regulations that are aimed at limiting things like pollution. He wants to give a major boost to the fossil fuel industry and he wants to abandon efforts to really reduce global warming. This has really come through in a series of executive orders that are currently tangled up in the courts or haven't been fully realized.
--:-- Paige Vega: So the short answer to that question is that not much has actually happened yet. We're still in this really intense wait and see period.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: You mentioned that outside the U.S., other countries are moving ahead on clean energy. Can you talk about that a little bit? Who's doing what?
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah. So basically, China's eating our lunch when it comes to the energy transition and climate progress. Oh, wow. Yeah, it's kind of an interesting thing because this is a developing country that's been emitting more fossil fuels in recent years. But as they're developing so rapidly, they're actually doing quite a lot to transition away from fossil fuels and dirty forms of energy to diversify that energy mix.
--:-- Paige Vega: So in 2022, China installed roughly as much solar capacity as the rest of the world combined. And then it doubled additional solar capacity in 2023. We're also seeing it do quite a lot on the EV electrical vehicle and infrastructure front as well. One company really stands out here, BYD, and it's very popular across the world. It's a very cheap and honestly stylish vehicle that a lot of consumers enjoy that we don't have access to in the United States.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: I was about to say like that not a Tesla. Did not know there was another big game in town. Yeah BYD has really taken the lead here in terms of the global picture on the EV race.
--:-- Paige Vega: OK, we've talked about globally. We've talked about the federal level. Outside of the federal level, can we expect to see a lot of action happening on that state and local level?
--:-- Paige Vega: The states are going to be very important here in the next couple of years. Trump can't control the price of energy. Trump can't control a lot of things outside of public land, energy development. And a lot of U.S. energy production happens on state lands or on the state level. And many states across the country have set their own goals and targets for climate progress and have not abandoned those goals.
--:-- Paige Vega: We also see Republican states and Republican districts benefiting far more than we're seeing blue states benefit from climate incentives and things like the Inflation Reduction Act that Joe Biden passed. This was a major climate legislation that pumped a ton of money into the energy transition and, you know, really shifting the economy to accommodate that.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Support for Today Explained comes from Built Rewards. These days, it seems like everybody has a rewards program. You swipe your card and you get one cent on the hundred dollars. But with your rent, frequently, you just pay month after month. You never get anything from it other than that roof over your head. Not anymore, says Built Rewards.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Built Rewards says it lets you earn points on your rent. By paying rent through Built, they say you can earn flexible points that can be redeemed toward hundreds of hotels and airlines, perhaps a future rent payment, your next Lyft ride, and so much more.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Your home isn't just where you sleep, it's your community, and Bilt wants you to go out and do things in the community. You can eat at your favorite local restaurants, then earn more points. You can get VIP treatment at certain fitness studios. You can enjoy exclusive experiences just for Bilt members every month.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: When you're ready to travel, they say Bilt points can be converted to miles or hotel points all around the world. You can earn points on rent and around your neighborhood wherever you call home by joining Bilt.com. That's J-O-I-N-B-I-L-T dot com slash explained.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Why Iowa? This massive wind powerhouse. The windmills are driving the whales crazy. Obviously.
--:-- Benji Jones: We're back. It's Explain It To Me. So, what does the clean energy transition look like in a state that's solidly Republican? Let's ask our colleague Benji Jones, environmental correspondent at Vox.
--:-- Benji Jones: Okay, so you focus this story you wrote on Iowa. Why Iowa?
--:-- Benji Jones: I am from Iowa. I'm from a small town in the, like, nose in the southeast corner. And whenever I go home to visit my parents who are still there, I'm seeing these open expanses of farmland, and then in the distance, a bunch of windmills, wind turbines. And actually, when I looked into this a few years ago, I found out that Iowa gets a larger share of its energy from wind power than any other state in the country.
--:-- Benji Jones: Two decades ago, there were only a few hundred wind turbines in Iowa. Now there are more than 6,000 in this state. According to the Iowa Environmental Council, wind energy made up almost 65% of Iowa's electricity last year. So it's like this massive wind powerhouse.
--:-- Benji Jones: And that fact is interesting to me because Iowa is also a Republican stronghold. It's voted for Trump in 2016, 2020, most recently in 2024. Trump won in a landslide. And Trump and wind power tend to be at odds.
--:-- Benji Jones: I've seen the most beautiful fields, farms, fields, most gorgeous things you've ever seen. And then you have these ugly things going up. Trump, I would say, is like the most anti-wind energy president in history. And they say the noise causes cancer. You tell me that one, okay?
--:-- Benji Jones: You know, the thing makes it so... And of course, it's like a graveyard for birds. He like really hates wind energy. And this dates back to at least 2012, when he kind of got into a fight with a town in Scotland over putting up wind turbines in the sight of his golf course. that he was opening.
--:-- Benji Jones: During a Scottish government hearing, Trump warned that wind turbines are a threat to their country's tourism industry. Wind turbines made in China are going to be the destruction and almost a total destruction of your tourism industry.
--:-- Benji Jones: He's, over the years, just been very, very outspoken against wind, calling turbines monstrosities, telling people that they kill whales, which we don't think they do. They're dangerous. You see what's happening up in the Massachusetts area with the whales, where they had two whales wash ashore in, I think, a 17-year period. And now they had 14 this season. The windmills are driving the whales crazy, obviously.
--:-- Benji Jones: There's no evidence of that. So, yeah, very anti-wind. And he's putting real actions behind that anti-wind stance. So literally on his first day in office, he signed an executive order that effectively suspends new federal offshore wind leases and also temporarily suspends new and renewed approvals, federal approvals for both offshore and onshore wind projects.
--:-- Benji Jones: So he's already trying to get in the way of this industry. And this is a bigger issue right now for offshore wind. And we're already starting to see some companies in the wind industry getting cold feet, pulling projects. There's also concerns around tariffs. So a lot of the parts for wind turbines are imported. Iowa has manufacturing facilities for turbines. Some of those parts are definitely going to be coming from out of the country. And so we could see an increase in the cost of turbines, probably in like the single digits.
--:-- Benji Jones: There's also this question of whether the tax credits for wind power, so you can get tax credits for wind energy right now. There a question about whether Congress under Republican control might do away with those tax credits which would make wind more expensive.
--:-- Benji Jones: So there kind of like a lot of I hate headwinds Everyone makes that pun. I hate it. But there are serious like roadblocks for wind industry at the hands of Trump.
--:-- Benji Jones: Okay, so Trump has this ongoing beef with wind and wind turbines. How will these policies impact Iowa? The short answer is that it's not clear yet. And so you could see, for example, the cost of turbines going up, which could be reflected in energy bills across the state. Iowa has fairly cheap electricity bills, and that's something that is important, especially to companies that are coming there and building data centers and so forth.
--:-- Benji Jones: So we could see a change in the cost of energy. You could see a slowdown in the buildout of wind farms. That's another issue. But ultimately, it's going to be like a time will tell how bad Trump's policies are going to hit the state.
--:-- Benji Jones: How did Iowa become a wind energy state? So it's very windy. That's a key here. Very windy. There are no major fossil fuel industries in Iowa. So there aren't competing industries that are lobbying for their own energy sources. So that was another part of it.
--:-- Benji Jones: I think one of the most interesting reasons is that Iowa was the first state in the country to pass what's called the Renewable Portfolio Standard. This was in 1983, and it required the state's investor-owned utilities to contract out or own a certain minimum of renewable energy. So it's basically like you need to be producing at least this much by this date, and it was the first state to have that kind of regulation in place.
--:-- Benji Jones: And so there was this policy incentive as well. And also, one of Iowa's senators, Chuck Grassley, the oldest senator in Congress, was really responsible for getting tax credits in place for wind energy at the federal level. And he's actually considered the father of wind energy in Iowa because of his role in getting tax incentives in place for energy.
--:-- Benji Jones: So that was also really, really key. You know, you don't want to be dependent on the volatile Middle East for energy. So we did everything during the 80s, 90s, and into the 2000s to develop alternative energy. And then another big part of this is that it's cheap. So wind energy is one of the cheapest energy sources, if not the cheapest.
--:-- Benji Jones: And then the last thing I'll say is that farmers really benefit from it. So farmers have a lot of land in Iowa. They're a pretty powerful voting block. And putting turbines on their property is a way for them to make some extra income alongside their farms.
--:-- Benji Jones: So you actually talked to some farmers who are benefiting from clean energy. Tell us a little bit about that.
--:-- Benji Jones: Yeah, I talked to this guy named Dave Johnson, who lives just over the border in Minnesota, actually, but he has a livestock farm in northern Iowa. We love our livestock. We love our land. We appreciate it. Just a conservative farm family.
--:-- Benji Jones: Dave leases some of his land to an energy company that installed four turbines on his property. And then his son, who's nearby, also has turbines on his farm, and so does his neighbor. So this little community in northern Iowa, a bunch of farmers with their wind turbines, and he speaks really, really highly of wind energy.
--:-- Benji Jones: We take in roughly $30,000 a year, and that grows every year. So that's a 401k plan that I never had. He has a lot of hogs and cattle, but he installed turbines as a way to generate like supplementary income. So the price of livestock can change over time, but wind energy tends to be more stable. So it's actually a boon to him to have turbines on his land.
--:-- Benji Jones: Well, I look out there and I see those turbines. They do absolutely no damage to me whatsoever. We have four turbines on our property, and we lost an acre and a half of doable land. Now, that's a pretty good swap to get that kind of money for an acre and a half.
--:-- Benji Jones: Everyone needs a side hustle. Exactly. Exactly. And he told me that it's not just him that's benefiting, but the whole state of Iowa benefits from having the wind turbines on his land. I mean, when you think about all the money that's brought in on farmers that have participated in wind projects, I think you would be shocked. And that's what's saving a lot of them family farms out there.
--:-- Benji Jones: When it comes to politics, where's Dave's head at?
--:-- Benji Jones: Yeah, I mean, so this is one of the reasons why I wanted to talk to him, because like many Iowans, he says that he is Republican and he supports Trump. But it's not because of Trump's views on energy. Donald Trump was elected not for his views on green energy as much as his views on other things. We have to have somebody that protects business, and I think the Republican Party does that in a great way.
--:-- Benji Jones: And Dave also told me that he's not really worried about what Trump has said negatively about wind energy. He kind of disregards it as like, oh yeah, he just runs his mouth, don't worry about it, let's see what he actually does.
--:-- Benji Jones: My 320 acres is bringing in $80,000 for taxation, in addition to the land that I pay taxes on. You know, is Trump going to offset that because he don't want us to have renewables? I don't think so. I don't think he'll get that fast. He tried.
--:-- Benji Jones: Are there other states that are in a similar situation as Iowa? You know, these red states that are invested in clean energy?
--:-- Benji Jones: Yeah, it's actually like pretty common. So Texas is another great example. It actually produces more wind power than any other state in the country. It actually accounts for about a fourth or actually over a fourth of all wind energy produced in the U.S. It's coming from Texas, which, of course, is a Republican state. Same with Oklahoma and your home state of Kansas. And then Florida is another example. It's a big solar state. So we're not just talking about wind. So you have a lot of red states that are producing renewables.
--:-- Benji Jones: Where do you expect to see the clean energy industry go from here? I mean, I'm so uncomfortable with uncertainty. You and the stock market. Yeah, exactly. If I had to guess, I would say we will see a slowdown in the growth of wind as an industry. But ultimately, it's not going to go away. It's not going to stop. projections suggest that by like 2050 out into the future, we are going to see a much larger percent of energy in this country around the world coming from renewables, coming from wind.
--:-- Benji Jones: Because again, like what really matters here, which is, and this is such an important takeaway, wind energy is cheap, if not the cheapest source of new energy relative to all other sources. And because it's cheap, it's going to do pretty well.
--:-- Benji Jones: I mean, the only reason Iowa has become such a big win state is that it was economically smart for the state.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Support for the show today comes from Life Kit the podcast from NPR What in your life kit I asking they didn ask that Everyday you have to make choices that might shape the direction of your life but you can flip to the back of the book to find an answer key Instead you can listen to the Life Kit podcast from NPR Life Kit offers real stories about common issues like relationships, finances, parenting, and your career.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: If you're looking to move with more intention or just need thoughtful guidance on living better, Life Kit delivers strategies to help you make meaningful, sustainable change From fitness routines to mental resilience, navigating personal goals to tackling burnout, each episode is full of relevant insights and clear takeaways about things we all could use a little help with.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: LifeKit wants to help you approach your own life with confidence and clarity and walk away with a game plan you can implement right away. Enough from me. Go listen to the show, LifeKit. It's a podcast from NPR.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Why shop at Burlington? Maybe it's the deals that are new each time you drop by. Maybe it's the brand names you'll be shocked Burlington has in store. Or maybe it's the quality of the items, the amazing selection, and the newest trends. If you like to save but also like to stay in style, Burlington is your answer. And the question you'll be asking yourself is, why go anywhere else? Burlington. Deals. Brands. Wow.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Take the headlines in stride. It's not predetermined. We're back, and it's Explain It to Me.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Before the break, we heard from Benji Jones about wind energy in Iowa and how Trump's policies might impact renewable energy, even in states that he won. I wanted to talk to Paige again to find out what steps those of us who aren't wind farmers can take right now.
--:-- Paige Vega: As you're reading the headlines and getting really concerned about the action of the federal government, keep that in check. Like the headlines can sound really bad, but putting those in context often, like they don't play out the way that they're first portrayed. These transitions take a really, really long time. It's a very wide turn of a very big ship and Trump does not hold all the levers to control what happens. He's also getting tangled up in the court.
--:-- Paige Vega: So take the headlines in stride. Like, it's not predetermined. But what we can do as individuals, like, you know, just beyond moderating our stress and, like, maintaining some hope in all of this is reduce your energy usage and change some of your daily behaviors to be more sustainable in your own life. This can be really easy to do, actually. Like, something like cutting 10% of meat out of your diet, just eating 10% less of that can make a huge difference, especially if that's scaled up, like on a population level or within your community.
--:-- Paige Vega: Opt out of factory farming. And if you can source food and meat from your own community or from your friends who hunt or something, that's always a great option. That's something that my family does.
--:-- Paige Vega: You can also think about acting on your personal home energy usage. Turn your thermostat up. You don't need to crank get down to 68 degrees. You may be a little less comfortable at 74, but you're saving a lot, actually, by doing things like that.
--:-- Paige Vega: And stay engaged. Contact your elected officials to voice support for climate action. Keep this on the minds of the politicians that represent you in your community, on the county level, state level, and the federal level. Put pressure, keep calling, send emails, post on your social media, like be vocal about the things that you care about.
--:-- Paige Vega: There's also a way to build your social life around just being more sustainable. Things like thrifting instead of buying new. Like can you buy used as much as possible, used electronics, used home furnishings, used clothing? Being the next step in the life cycle of a product means you're keeping it out of the landfill for longer. And that really does make a difference in terms of emissions and also just, you know, being more taxing on the environment.
--:-- Paige Vega: Have you found ways to make changes in your own life?
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah, so I have. I installed a heat pump system in my home. It actually is cheaper for me to install something like a heat pump rather than relying on my old 1940s furnace that's pulling from natural gas. It's an upfront investment, but I actually was able to get local county incentives to get that installed in state incentives. And there is still a federal heat pump incentive as well. So those things haven't disappeared now that Trump has suddenly taken the White House.
--:-- Paige Vega: And I just went through that situation myself and I'm already saving money on my energy bill. Yeah, I'm curious, what are you and the rest of the Vox climate team watching out for in terms of climate progress right now?
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah, so we're keeping track of like the effectiveness of the outcomes of Trump administration policy. We want to keep an eye on continued momentum on the state level as well. So like what's going on with climate action by the states? Is that pulling in the opposite direction of some of Trump's policies? Like those things are really going to be interesting to watch, especially, you know, with some of these dynamics that we're seeing in red states that have big incentives to like continue investing in clean energy.
--:-- Paige Vega: What are the pace of technological advancements and cost reductions in clean energy? And I think public perception of climate change is so important as well. Like you've seen climate change labeled recently as this like woke issue, but you also see more and more people being concerned about extreme weather and climate disasters. And climate change is like impacting us in more of our communities. Like no matter where you live, you're going to experience climate change. We're in that era now.
--:-- Paige Vega: We're in a really interesting wait-and-see period, honestly. Trump is doing a lot to derail climate progress and the energy transition, but he's not going to be able to slow that progress entirely. So it's kind of a question of how much and where.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: Thanks for explaining this to us, Paige.
--:-- Paige Vega: Yeah, thank you so much. And I really appreciate the question. I think it's on the mind of a lot of people. The Vox Climate Team's been reporting on the unexpected places where climate progress is continuing, and you can read those stories at Vox.com. While you're there, consider joining our membership program to get access to ad-free Vox podcasts, including Explain It To Me. Sign up at Vox.com slash members.
--:-- John Glenn Hill: This episode was produced by Avishay Artsy. It was edited by our executive producer, Miranda Kennedy, fact-checked by Melissa Hirsch, and engineered by Matthew Billy. Carla Javier is our supervising producer. I'm your host, John Gwinn-Hill. Thanks so much for listening. Talk to you soon. Bye. Thank you.
