--:-- Noelle King: In his first term, President Donald Trump was surrounded by a lot of Republican normies. Your Mike Pence's, your John Kelly's, your Jim Mattis's. It didn't go great for them. Many of them quit. In 2024, a few are back. I trust a ruthless dictator will empty his prisons and send their criminals to our country. But there's also a whole new crew of influencers, and they've got some deeply non-normie ideas. He had an Aryan wife, which I recommend to everyone. This expression, people of color, sounds like it doesn't mean anything. It sounds kind of like the, you know, racial epithets people used to use in the 1960s, okay? Men spit and they cuss and they tell dirty jokes and they read porn and they drink beer. These are things that women don't do.
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--:-- Noelle King: Coming up on Today Explained, the thinkers who would inform Donald Trump's second term.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: Support for Today Explained comes from Saks Fifth Avenue. Fall is here. Might be time to find some nice new pieces you can wear again and again. With Saks Fifth Avenue, it can be a breeze to shop for your personal style, like maybe a relaxed Prada blazer or Gucci loafers that are great for both work and the weekend. This is very Sean. This is very Sean-coated. Gucci loafers. Saks says Saks makes shopping feel totally customized to you, whether that's from an in-store stylist or a visit to Saks.com, where they can show you just what you want to see. They say they'll even let you know when arrivals from your favorite designers are in or when something you've been eyeing is back in stock. You can find inspiration for your personal style every day at Saks Fifth Avenue.
--:-- Noelle King: Support for this show comes from Strawberry.me. Be honest. Are you happy with your job? Or are you stuck in one you've outgrown? Or never wanted in the first place? Sure, you can probably list the reasons for staying, But are they actually just excuses for not leaving? Let a career coach from strawberry.me help you get unstuck. Discover the benefits of having a dedicated career coach in your corner. Go to strawberry.me slash unstuck to claim a special offer.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: Today! Today Explained! Andrew Prokop is a senior politics correspondent at Fox who recently wrote about Stephen Miller for a Vox series called The Present and Future of the American Right. Andrew, tell us about Mr. Miller.
--:-- Stephen Miller: Stephen Miller is Donald Trump's most important advisor who focuses most on the policy area of immigration. He was enormously powerful in the Trump White House last time around, and he is near universally expected to have a really important, powerful role in a second Trump administration if Trump wins.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: Stephen Miller grew up in Southern California. Hi, I'm Stephen Miller. Some of you may or may not know who I am. He attended a diverse high school with many Latino students. I will say and I will do things that no one else in their right mind would say or do. He very early on started challenging what he called political correctness at his high school. I do like that he's really good about voicing his opinions, but I don't like the way he does it, for example, last year. I'm the only one who is sick and tired of being told to pick up my trash. And we have plenty of genitals who are paid to do it for us.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: He started going on conservative talk radio while he was still in high school, complaining that there were a lot of Latino students who weren't learning basic English skills. He pointed out that there was a small number of Latino students in honors classes, and therefore it was because of their lacking basic English skills. These comments were very degrading because he...
--:-- Andrew Prokop: Then going on to college and continuing to become not just a typical conservative activist, but a kind of hard-right activist with a particular interest in racial or ethnic issues. Three former Duke lacrosse players falsely accused of rape. This was never about what happened to this particular woman according to her testimony, nor was it ever about these players. It was always for them about their political agenda. And their political agenda has been from day one to make a big issue out of racism and gender and class warfare.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: So basically he had impressed some powerful activists and important figures in the far-right anti-immigration activist world who helped get him early jobs right after graduation. First, Representative Michelle Bachman of Minnesota, and then eventually for Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama. At that point, Sessions was a very fringe figure. He was kind of a colorful crank who was known for ranting and raving about how terrible immigration and free trade were.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: Surely, citizenship, the capstone of what America gives, ought not to be given to people who entered the country in violation of our very laws. Give me a break. And Miller was the guy who sent out his emails. He formed allies with right-wing media figures like Steve Bannon of Breitbart and Tucker Carlson then of Fox News. And he worked closely to drive coverage on Breitbart to like any sort of lurid crime that was committed by an illegal immigrant. And he was sending along stories from racist and white nationalist websites. He just seemed obsessed with the race and ethnicity of criminals.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: As a result of uncontrolled migration into this country, you can look this up, it's a statistic from Equality Now. Half a million U.S. girls in this country are at risk of female genital mutilation. Oh my God.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: After that, Donald Trump ran for president and he brought on Stephen Miller to his campaign. And then when Trump won, anti-immigration figures had extremely powerful roles in the Trump administration after that. Once Miller is there in the White House, what specifically does he focus on? He was the top White House policy aide and he carved out this space of immigration policy for himself.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: And he spent the first few years of the Trump administration really learning how to operate the levers of power in the bureaucracy and in the executive branch. So at first, he was a little crude. You know, Trump's first week in office, he issued his infamous travel ban. Let them in! Let them in! U.S. President Donald Trump's executive order barring refugees and blocking visitors to the U.S. from seven predominantly Muslim countries, sparking despair overseas, outrage at home, and seems likely to land the Trump administration in court.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: This comes as protesters gather outside of New York's JFK airport right now after word spread that at least two Iraqis were detained there despite holding valid U.S. visas. Total mess. The courts blocked it and it was generally viewed as a big disaster. for the Trump administration. But Miller, you know, he wasn't giving up. This is the apex of presidential power, delegated to the president by Congress and by the Constitution to suspend the entry of aliens into the United States.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: He recalibrated, he crafted a new version of the travel ban, and this somewhat less blatantly discriminatory version did end up being upheld by the court. Thousands of migrant children being separated from their parents. So Miller became kind of the face of the family separation policy. And now, newly released audio, you can hear their desperation. He's constantly looking for ways to get tougher and harsher at the border.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: The media and the whole world will soon see, as we begin to take further actions, that the powers of the president to protect our country are very substantial and will not be questioned. He continued in that vein by issuing policies like the Remain in Mexico policy, which said that asylum seekers had to stay outside the U.S. while their claims were processed, and Title 42, which turned away arriving migrants for public health reasons once the pandemic began.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: At the end of Trump's first term, he hadn't really succeeded in Trump's promises to deport a whole lot of people. Trump ended up deporting fewer people than Barack Obama did in either of his terms. And so Miller regrets that and has spent the interim years since Trump lost, like, dreaming up new ways to achieve what he wasn't able to last time around. And how do we know that? So there was a very detailed New York Times article that came out toward the end of 2023 headlined, Sweeping raids, giant camps, and mass deportations inside Trump's 2025 immigration plans. And the source was Stephen Miller.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: He just went on in great detail about what he planned to do. He wanted to use red state governors to deputize their National Guard as immigration enforcement officers. He wanted to build massive camps, he said, probably in Texas, to just like put people there while their claims were being processed. You would establish large-scale staging grounds for removal flights. So you grab illegal immigrants and then you move them to the staging grounds. And that's what the planes are waiting for federal office.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: If Trump is elected for a next term, he would be once again playing a top role in setting the official policy of the United States government to try and make his dreams of deportation and immigration restrictions happen. And I wonder what the informed thinking is on whether he could. Donald Trump didn't deport as many people as Obama. That is notable. But Donald Trump, during his four years, he did make a lot of people's lives harder, whether you agree with what Donald Trump did or not.
--:-- Andrew Prokop: If Trump is elected and Stephen Miller has four more years, is this Miller, you know, harder, better, faster, stronger? Harder, better, faster, stronger. Does it go further this time? I think it will definitely go further. And the question is just how much further. And no one really knows, but Stephen Miller had never held a powerful role of any kind, really, the first time he got essentially put in charge of United States immigration policy in 2017. But he is savvy and he has learned to be a very effective bureaucratic operator. Now he's raring to go.
--:-- Noelle King: That was Vox's Andrew Prokop. All right, temperamentally, as you heard, Stephen Miller is more of an emotional guy. Children are dead and you are wasting my time. No, I am not. Than an intellectual. But the 2024 Trump team does have idea men. And yes, they are all men. Coming up, Donald Trump's thinkers.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: Support for Today Explained comes from Built Rewards. These days, it seems like everybody has a rewards program. You swipe your card and you get one cent on the hundred dollars. But with your rent, frequently, you just pay month after month. You never get anything from it other than that roof over your head. Not anymore, says Built Rewards. Built Rewards says it lets you earn points on your rent. By paying rent through Bilt, they say you can earn flexible points that can be redeemed toward hundreds of hotels and airlines, perhaps a future rent payment, your next Lyft ride, and so much more.
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--:-- Zach Beauchamp: Support for Today Explained comes from Upwork. If you run a business, you know that scaling your business requires the right expertise at the right time. I sometimes wonder how many of you are running businesses out there. I would love to know. Please email me, noelle at king.com. With Upwork, you can find specialized freelancers in IT, web development, AI, design, admin support, marketing, and more experts who they say are ready to help you take your business to the next level.
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--:-- Noelle King: 2020, 2020, 24. This is Today Explained. I'm Noelle King. Donald Trump's thinkers, who are they? Vox's Zach Beauchamp, author of The Reactionary Spirit, has been writing about them for Vox as part of a series of stories called The Present and Future of the American Right. Zach, let's start with Curtis Yarvin. We've talked about him on the show before. J.D. Vance has cited him as an influence. He's a genuinely interesting guy. And in 2024, his ideas are closer to the presidency than ever before. Tell us about Yarvin.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: So, Curtis Yarvin is, he's an idiosyncratic guy. He was a Silicon Valley guy and started writing anonymously under the pen name, or pseudonymously, I should say, under the pen name Menchus Moldbug, which is in and of itself a very odd name to begin with, right? A series of obscure references. But he was sort of the leading voice in what was called the neo-reactionary movement, which was an effort to theorize a vision of politics that argued that democracy was bad.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: When you look at all across human history, the absolute normal form of government is monarchy. So Yarvin's ideal system of government has one person who's in charge of everything. He likes to call him a CEO slash monarch. And then a board of directors who doesn't really have policy power, but has the ability to supervise the action of this one person.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: The literal words of the Constitution say that the president is the chief executive of the executive branch, that they have, in other words, the power of Elon Musk, who is the chief executive of Tesla. And he spent a lot of time recently trying to explain how the U.S. government might be refashioned along those lines. For the most part, you wouldn't even keep most of the existing civil service.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: So in a few writings and podcast interview that he did with a former Trump administration official, actually, Yorvin outlines this theory of how Trump could mobilize a coup, essentially, in which he concentrates executive power in his own hands. You should be executing executive power from day one in a totally emergency fashion. You don't want to take control of these agencies through appointments. You want to defund them. You want them to cease to exist.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: I mean, you're essentially advocating for someone to, you know, age old move, right, which is gain power lawfully through an election, through legal means, and then exercise it unlawfully. And what do you think the actual chances of that happening are? It wouldn't be unlawful. It would be, you'd simply, you'd declare a state of emergency in your inaugural address. And dismantle the legal apparatus of the U.S. government and bring it something closer to Yarvin's ideal monarcho capitalist vision for politics.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: That sounds ridiculous. Like, sorry, Curtis Yarvin. It does sound ridiculous. That sounds absolutely ridiculous. And so the question is, what is the part of Yarvin that deserves to be taken seriously? Yeah, this particular form of anti-democratic politics is influential among really important people in the conservative world, including the vice presidential nominee. There's this guy, Curtis Yarvin, who's written about some of these things.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: And so France has explicitly cited Yarvin as an influence on his view of executive power. I think that what Trump should do, like if I was giving him one piece of advice, fire every single mid-level bureaucrat, every civil servant in the administrative state, replace them with our people. And when the courts, because you will get taken to court, and when the courts stop you, stand before the country like Andrew Jackson did and say the chief justice has made his ruling, now let him enforce it.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: We have to take the direction in which it's pushing Republican politics seriously, right? towards a belief in a more strongman style of politics and a disdain for checks on, you know, the president's authority to do whatever he wants. That is a really serious part of the contemporary right, even if the whole architecture of a CEO monarch is, you know, like it reads like a rejected sci-fi script.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: But the influence is deadly serious. You mentioned strongman, strongman politics. All of the thinkers that you profiled were men. I know that you didn't do that to exclude women, but because this is quite gendered in a lot of ways. That's right. What are the ideas about gender driving this campaign other than childless cat ladies? And where do they come from?
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: Well, so here I used a guy named Harvey Mansfield, who's a recently retired Harvard professor, as a way in to talk about gender. In his capacity as a Harvard professor, he trained lots and lots and lots of future influential Republicans, ranging from never-Trumpers like Bill Kristol to Trump-allied Republican Senator Tom Cotton from Arkansas.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: In 2006 he wrote this book called Manliness His view is that men have this willingness to go out and do things and lead the charge and be their own person The confidence of a manly man gives him independence of others. He's not always asking for help or directions or instructions. He's in control. And this manliness, he argues, is part of a general truth that men are a certain way and women are a certain way in general.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: Men are hard. Women soft. Men assertive. Women sensitive. Men seek risk. Women security. And because of that, we can't have a gender-neutral society, or as I would call it, an egalitarian society. Men don't cry. Women do. Because you're trying to get men to do women stuff, and that's never going to work because of who men are and who women are. Men are stoic. Women complain.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: The reason I cited it as an example of modern Republican thinking is that its insistence on the gender binary really helps explain so much of why the trans issue has become essential and integral to the way that Republicans talk about gender. Because there's a deep faith in conservative ideology, right? That human nature is fixed, right? any time you read something about how conservatives define themselves against liberals, they'll say, we stand for the idea that human nature is real and that people cannot be made into what they are not.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: Right? And gender is a really important component of that. Donald Trump's first term in office, you may recall, was defined by a lot of divisiveness over race and ethnicity. So immigration and the fights over immigration during his four years fit in there. George Floyd's murder and what followed, including the president's actions fit in there.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: The president making his position clear, writing, these thugs are dishonoring the memory of George Floyd, and I won't let that happen. Any difficulty and we will assume control. But when the looting starts, the shooting starts. How do the next four years respond to the last eight years? And where are the ideas about race and ethnicity and how a multicultural, multiracial America works? Where are those ideas coming from?
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: So I looked at Christopher Caldwell, who's an op-ed contributor to The New York Times and the editor of a sort of fancy intellectual review in Paris. You know, a guy with a lot of establishment credentials. Uh, Caldwell wrote a book recently where he argued that, uh, American whites were being in many ways formally discriminated against by the political system, uh, a state of affairs that he blamed on the Civil Rights Act.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: For all the good that that, uh, act did, and for all the, um, admirable motivations that it had. It has evolved in ways that have caused great problems for the country. In his book, he seems to suggest that the cure is worse than the disease. Well, if the cure of the Civil Rights Act was worse than the disease of segregation, well, yikes, that's a pretty big claim you're making, right?
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: And the gist of it is that he believes that in a variety of different ways, the architecture put into place by the Civil Rights Act and by the American civil rights regime in general has created a society that discriminates against whites. The new civil rights constitution created a group of non-people of color. It made white people a political reality in the United States in a way that they had never been.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: So while this constitution didn't disfavor whites, it favored every other group that it touched and whose interests it protected. which amounts to the same thing. Polling shows, you know, that Americans like Donald Trump a lot, but they don't like these ideas. Americans don't want a king. Women like having jobs. It's 2024. Even the biggest bigot has a black niece or a black nephew. Like this is America in 2024. It's not America in 1951.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: What do you say to a skeptic who says, Americans don't want this. These guys can sit in their library and type up as many blog posts as they want. You are worried about nothing. You're worried about ideas. Yeah, the question is what you mean by want this. Democracy is popular. Racial equality is popular in the abstract. But when it comes down to it, when people start to look at what that society looks like, a democratic, more racially egalitarian one, it makes them uncomfortable.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: And I'm not saying a majority. I'm saying a significant number of people in the American public want this. So a lot of the task of Trump-era politics, and you see this in the way that he talks about immigration, you see it especially in the way that he talks about race, is to articulate those grievances in a publicly palatable fashion. To turn the politics of extremism into one that just barely toes the line of acceptable discourse.
--:-- Zach Beauchamp: So that's the strategy, which means what happens in these intellectual salons matter, right, because they're formulating the foundations of the strategy, the core ideas that are aimed to be turned into practice. You can't predict every single policy especially with a candidate that barely ever talks about policy in specific terms at all but we can try to understand what the forces are that are going to be influencing the people not just Trump but all of the people who are going to have pretty significant autonomy to make policy in his White House.
--:-- Noelle King: That was Vox's Zach Beauchamp. His book is The Reactionary Spirit. Zach and many other very smart Vox reporters compiled all their reporting into the present and future of the American right. It's a very good series. It's at Vox.com.
--:-- Noelle King: Peter Balanon-Rosen produced today's show. Amina El-Sadi edited. Andrea Kristinsdottir and Patrick Boyd engineered. Laura Bullard and Avishai Artsy Fact Check. I'm Noelle King. It's Today Explained. Thank you.
