--:-- Aisha Roscoe: The Department of Homeland Security is making cuts to its civil rights and immigration oversight offices, saying these offices obstruct immigration enforcement.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: I'm Sarah McCammon. I'm Aisha Roscoe, and this is Up First from NPR News. Coming up, NPR's Ron Elving on the latest news from the Trump administration.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Travelers to the U.S. are worried about being interrogated at checkpoints, searched and detained for days. That's because what were once seen as minor visa violations are now triggering major scrutiny from immigration officials.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Also, Sudan's military says it's retaken the seat of the country's government. Could this be a turning point in the civil war there? Stay with us. We have the news you need to start your weekend.
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--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Here's a question that's become something of a refrain over the last several weeks. Is the U.S. in a constitutional crisis? And it's taken on a new urgency this week amid a showdown between a federal judge, James Bosberg, and the Trump administration over its use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport Venezuelans it claims belong to a criminal gang.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: They're tough people. They're bad people. We don't want them in our country. We can't let a judge say that he wants them. He didn't run for president. President Trump speaking yesterday at the White House.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: And joining us now is NPR senior contributor Ron Elving. Hey, Ron. Good to be with you, Sarah.
--:-- Ron Elving: So to that question that keeps getting invoked, what do you say, Ron, is a constitutional crisis at hand? We do seem to be walking up to it.
--:-- Ron Elving: The phrase refers to a conflict between constitutional powers that has no clear resolution in the Constitution itself. Now, Trump suggests that a judge cannot contradict him because that judge didn't run for president. One has to wonder, does Trump understand and accept that the courts are meant to act as a check on the elected branches, the Congress and the presidency?
--:-- Ron Elving: This one deportation case is going to an appeals court next week, but there are more than a dozen court rulings out there against Trump so far. They're being appealed, and at least some of them will probably reach the Supreme Court. So how far is Trump prepared to go in pursuing his version of reality here?
--:-- Ron Elving: So far, at least, Trump has said he will not defy court orders. He will appeal them and rail against them and call for impeachment of the judge. But he has not yet said he will defy the courts outright.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: So sticking with immigration for a second, there were some notable cuts announced yesterday to a division within the Department of Homeland Security or DHS.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: What can you tell us about those?
--:-- Ron Elving: The DHS is cutting jobs at its Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and in the offices of the Ombudsman for Immigration Detention and the Ombudsman for Citizenship and Immigration Services.
--:-- Ron Elving: The DHS spokesman told NPR Friday that these offices, quote, obstructed immigration enforcement by adding bureaucratic hurdles and undermining DHS's mission, unquote.
--:-- Ron Elving: Well, their job was to provide in oversight and restraint on this powerful agency and make sure it stays within the law and follows its own mandates. That what watchdogs do. That what ombudsman offices are for.
--:-- Ron Elving: But here as with the inspectors general, Trump is fired in various agencies. The new administration sees these watchdogs and guardrails as impediments. And the Trump question is, why should anyone have any authority over these agencies other than the president?
--:-- Ron Elving: People can tell him that this is based in the laws and regulations as written and ultimately in the constitutional separation of powers. But it's not clear he accepts that answer.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Now, I think it's worth noting it has not even been a week since members of the Trump administration and the Doge team took over the U.S. Institute of Peace, which is a congressionally funded think tank.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Where is Congress in all of this? That could be the question of the year, Sarah.
--:-- Ron Elving: But let's start with the Institute of Peace. It was created by an act of Congress 40 years ago under President Reagan. Its mission is to prevent or resolve violent conflicts in other countries.
--:-- Ron Elving: The institute calls itself independent and says its employees are not federal workers. But the White House says the president considers the institute to be, quote, one of his agencies, unquote.
--:-- Ron Elving: And it says the institute employees are rogue bureaucrats. As for the pushback from Congress, well, the Republican Party controls both House and Senate.
--:-- Ron Elving: And it's been very much on board for Trump, and so far at least for Elon Musk as well. The Democrats, meanwhile, are debating how to resist Trump without making bad things happen, like a government shutdown, and how to resist without doing damage to their own interests and those of their voters.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: That's NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much for your time, Ron.
--:-- Ron Elving: Thank you, Sarah.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: If you have a green card or a valid visa, getting into the U.S. is usually straightforward. Border officials might ask the purpose of your visit and how long you intend to stay and then wave you through.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: But lately, officers have stepped up their questions and sent some people with apparently minor visa violations to detention centers.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Michelle Hackman covers immigration for The Wall Street Journal and joins us now. Welcome. Thanks for having me.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: So in your latest article, you mentioned border officials are using aggressive questioning tactics with visa holders and tourists. What are you seeing?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: Yeah, so we're seeing a lot of cases. And it's tough, Aisha, because the government in many cases is unwilling or unable to give us all the facts in the case.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: But what we're seeing is people with relatively minor visa issues. So let's say they're on a tourist visa and they're house-sitting for someone.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: Another example, someone who's a fiancé of a U.S. citizen coming in on a tourist visa and border officials saying, wait a second, that's illegal. You should be on a fiancé visa.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: In the past, border officials would say, okay, there's a problem with your visa. You need to fix it and come back to us. Now people are being sent to detention centers.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: They're being deported over these really minor violations. And it's scary for people. Obviously, I'm not a lawyer and not privy to everything that ICE knows.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: But why not just deport someone who has problems with their visas immediately or just turn them around at the airport? Why shackle and chain them and keep them in ICE detention?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: The reasons that people are being detained for much longer, not entirely clear to me. But often, if you are going to be deported, it's something as simple as you need to buy a plane ticket and the government doesn't just let you buy any plane ticket.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: You have to buy an open plane ticket, which means they can put you on any flight. And those can run, you know, six, seven, eight thousand dollars. People don't often have that money.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: And so they're being detained longer so they can collect the money just to buy their plane ticket home.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: You've reached out to U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials. What are they telling you?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: Yeah. So they are pointing to President Trump's executive order that orders extreme vetting.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: And they're proud of this. They're saying, you know, we're enforcing the laws on the books and we're catching attempted terrorists coming into the country.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: We're catching people who are breaking our laws. You know, this is not something that they are not proud of.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: One concern that people have had is border officials going through people's phones and looking for, you know, social media, stuff like that. Is that legal?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: Is it legal for border officials to go through people's phones?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: In our laws and in our precedent, we even as U.S. citizens have very few rights at the border.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: You and I were coming back into the country could have our phones searched. And that even more the case for people who are not U citizens.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: It's totally legal for agents to search people phones to search people social media accounts. They're using AI tools to find things on people.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: So it's a much deeper level of searching than people are aware of. And I think people are being even more scrutinized than they were just a few years ago because of these really recent advances in AI technology.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Travelers from Asia, Africa, and South America have a much more difficult time entering the U.S. compared to Europeans.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: In India, the current wait time just for an appointment for a tourist visa is more than a year. Most Europeans don't even need a visa to come to the U.S. for short stays.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Is the focus on these European tourists being blown out of proportion?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: I think you hear about it again because these are wealthier people who have more savvy about going to the media.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: You're right that people from generally from poorer countries have a much harder time even getting tourist visas. The denial rate is really high.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: And so I think a lot of cases people don't have access to the U.S. at all are being stopped sort of at that level. And so we don't even hear about it.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: People abroad may think twice before coming to the U.S. if they're hearing these sorts of news stories.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: What kind of impact could this crackdown have on the U.S. economy?
--:-- Michelle Hackman: It could end up being significant. You know, right now, the industry that I've seen that has been the most alarmed, I would say, are universities, research institutions, the type of places that rely a lot on international exchange.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: They have foreign professors, foreign students. But it could have a much broader impact. You know, tourism is one of our main industries here in the U.S., but if people feel like they could face danger or long detention, it could deter some people from coming here.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: That's Michelle Hackman. She covers immigration for The Wall Street Journal. Thank you so much for coming in today.
--:-- Michelle Hackman: Thank you.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: We reached out to the U.S. Customs Border and Protection Agency to ask them about reports that officials have become more aggressive with international travelers arriving in the U.S., but did not hear back from them before this podcast.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Sudan's army took control of the presidential palace on Friday after days of intense fighting with the paramilitary rapid support forces known as RSF.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: It's the first time the army has recaptured the palace in the capital since the outbreak of the war almost two years ago.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Fighting continues across Sudan, but this is likely to be a key turning point.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: NPR's West Africa correspondent Emmanuel Akinwotu has been covering this and joins us now. Thanks for being with us today.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Thanks.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: So if you could just tell us more about what happened in the capital yesterday.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: So the Sudanese Armed Forces, or SAF, they've been advancing into Khartoum City for the last few months, literally taking it back street by street.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: And there were days of airstrikes and really intense fighting as the army were approaching the presidential palace, the palace complex.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Then yesterday morning, there was footage filmed by soldiers who recaptured it. And it was broadcasted on state TV and just flooded social media.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: And they showed these scenes of triumph and just pure relation in the Republican palace. It's been the seat of power in Sudan for almost 200 years.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: The grounds were battered. The soldiers were pouring in, praying, cheering, walking through broken glass and concrete everywhere, essentially entering the grounds for the first time since April 2023.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: The army then announced they'd recaptured it officially and that they were advancing through the city. And clearly right now they feel they're closer than ever to taking the capital back.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: So this seems at least like a major symbolic victory. But how does this change the course of this war? Is it now closer to an end?
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Well, what it does is it cements the fact that SAF, the army, they have the upper hand, which many Sudanese people will welcome, even if they have very real fears about the army still.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: You know, this war broke out because of a power struggle between them and the RSF for control of Sudan. Both of these groups essentially launched a coup against the civilian-led government.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Most of the atrocities during this war has been committed by the RSF and people are really desperate for them to be removed so that they can at least contemplate returning home.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: The RSF control in central Sudan has essentially been collapsing. They still moving to form a parallel government which the US and others have condemned.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: And they also still control large parts of Sudan especially in the west in Darfur where the UN says they committing a genocide.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Can you give us the latest on the humanitarian situation in Sudan?
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Yeah, it's devastating and it's still getting worse. Famine's been officially declared in about half a dozen areas. And that's likely to rise.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: A fifth of the country's population Before the war have been displaced 12 million people.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: And even amid the separations at the palace yesterday, there was still a reminder of just how delicate these victories are.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: The RSF launched a drone attack on the palace grounds Amid the celebrations. Five people died. Including three staff from the state broadcaster.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Who are only there really to report on this victory and this recapture. Two military officials were also killed, and one of them was a media liaison for the army.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: NPR's West Africa correspondent Emmanuel Akinwotu, thank you.
--:-- Emmanuel Akinwotu: Thank you.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Finally, a moment to remember boxing great and grill master George Foreman. He became the heavyweight champion of the world twice.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: First in his 20s, he then lost his title in 1974 to Muhammad Ali in one of the sport's most storied matches known as the Rumble in the Jungle.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: But he regained it in his mid-40s, making him the oldest man to become world heavyweight champion.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: He went on to become the pitchman for the George Foreman Grill, an electric double-sided countertop appliance that made him richer than his boxing career ever did.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: My lean, mean fat-reducing grilling machine with built-in barn warmer delivers great-tasting grill food in minutes. Best of all, it knocks out the fat.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Foreman was the father of 12 children, including five sons, all named George Foreman. That was a pretty good name.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: His family announced his death Friday night on social media. He was 76.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: And that's up first for Saturday, March 22nd, 2025. I'm Ayesha Roscoe. And I'm Sarah McCammon.
--:-- [Closing music plays]
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Martin Patience produced today's episode with help from Elena Turek, Destiny Adams, and Danny Hensel.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: Our editors are Shannon Rhodes, Miguel Macias, Martha Ann Overland, and Melissa Gray.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Michael Radcliffe is our director, with support from technical director Andy Huther.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: And the engineers who help us out, David Greenberg, Zach Coleman, and Arthur Holiday Laurent.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Evie Stone is our senior supervising editor. Sarah Lucy Oliver is our executive producer.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: And Jim Cain is our deputy managing editor.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Tomorrow on the Sunday Story, with the recent arrest of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte for crimes against humanity, NPR's Emily Fahng takes a look at the aftermath of his brutal war on drugs.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: For more news, interviews, sports and music, you can tune in to Weekend Edition on your radio.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: Go to stations.npr.org to find your local NPR station.
--:-- [Closing music continues to play]
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: This message comes from NPR sponsor, Capella University. Interested in a quality online education? Capella is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. A different future is closer than you think with Capella University. Learn more at capella.edu.
--:-- Sarah McCammon: This comes from NPR sponsor, sierra. How businesses connect with customers defines their brand sierra is the platform for building better more human customer experiences with AI no stock answers no halt music just real solutions fast visit sierra.ai to learn more.
--:-- Aisha Roscoe: This message comes from the nature conservancy. Nature is common ground for everyone and uniting to protect nature can help solve today's challenges and create a thriving tomorrow for future generations. Discover why at nature.org slash NPR.
