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--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): Good morning. Good morning. It's exciting to be here. When was the last time we hosted together? I don't know. I get a little foggy from getting up in the middle of the night. It's a little bit early to remember. One way or another, you're always with me.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): The federal government shutdown may soon be over. I'm optimistic that after almost six weeks of this shutdown, we finally, we'll finally be able to end it. But the funding bill that passed the Senate didn't include Democrats' key demand on health care.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): I'm Steve Inskeep with Leila Fadel, and this is Up First from NPR News. If you're having trouble following the court battle over SNAP benefits, you're not alone. A late-night ruling gives the Trump administration two days to restore full payments. Millions of families are still wondering when their food assistance will actually arrive.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): And the world's climate leaders are meeting in Brazil, but it seems the U.S. is planning not to attend. What happens to global unity on climate goals if one of the biggest polluters isn't at the table? Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): This message comes from Sattva, official mattress and restorative sleep provider for Team USA, who won 231 total medals at the Olympic and Paralympic Games Paris 2024. But could they have done even better if they were getting deeper, restorative sleep? Ron Rudson, Sotfa CEO, was determined to find out. So Sotfa will provide mattresses for the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games. You can get deep, restorative sleep too. Visit sotfa.com slash NPR and save $200 on $1,000 or more.
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--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): This message comes from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, recognizing extraordinarily creative individuals whose ideas, solutions, and discoveries expand people's expectations of what's possible. MacFound.org
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): A group of Senate Democrats have defected to agree to a deal with Republicans to reopen federal agencies and end the government shutdown. On the first procedural step, on Sunday night, the plan received 60 votes in the Senate, which was exactly enough. John Thune, the Republican leader, is looking to work through Senate procedures in days to come.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): I am optimistic that after almost six weeks of this shutdown, we finally will finally be able to end it. Most Democrats still voted no, saying the agreement gives them no assurance on their central demand, which was extending subsidies for health insurance.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): NPR congressional correspondent Claudia Grysalis has been following this and joins us now. Good morning, Claudia. Good morning, Layla.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Okay, so for weeks we've seen fits and starts of talks, blame games, both sides dug in. Now this group of rank-and-file Senate Democrats is breaking with leadership to move this deal forward. What's actually in the agreement?
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Well, the package includes a stopgap measure to fund the government through the end of January. It also includes full-year appropriations funding plans for some federal agencies and services. It will pause planned cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as SNAP.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: It also reverses federal worker layoffs installed by the Trump administration during the shutdown. and protects the workforce from more cuts for a few months to the end of January. Democrats who defected also got a promise of a vote on health care.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: As you remember, the party has fought a Republican stopgap measure to reopen the government to address expiring Affordable Care Act subsidies at spiking premiums, but they didn't quite get there.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Okay, but that was the main demand, right? I mean, how did this group of Democrats get to yes if they didn't get their top demand to protect Affordable Care Act credits?
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Right. They've been separately negotiating with Republicans for some time now. And they said that they could not get this deal from Republicans They were pretty adamant So the impacts and the chaos growing for federal agencies or workers and then we saw flight delays and cancellations across the country
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: This also created new pressures for Democrats, these who defected. And the group also argued that growing numbers of people were being hurt. And the plan includes a long list of wins for their party.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: So in the end, seven Democrats and one independent joined Republicans to get this plan across this key procedural hurdle. But they broke with leadership, right? And most Democrats voted no.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: And what did the rest of the party say then about what they did?
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Well, some were pretty furious. This defection came after an hours-long meeting for Senate Democrats and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, who voted no, he argued that regardless of the outcome, Democrats have put a spotlight on health care.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: We are going to fight legislatively, fight back home, fight in the courts, and bring this fight in the elections. You could also say there's a political calculus here with Schumer and other leaders voting against this deal.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: They're hoping they're insulated from blowback from their party, but that remains to be seen. After Democrats left that meeting last night, I heard the angriest response from Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: She said this was a terrible mistake, and when she was asked if Schumer did a good job leading the caucus on this, she said, I think the American people want us to stand and fight for health care. obviously that is not happening.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: So this was always going to be an ugly ending. Democrats could come out of this pretty bruised, but some would argue Republicans will not be left unscathed either.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: So what happens next? When can travelers expect to see their flights resume and people's food benefits to be paid in full?
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Well, the Senate still has a few more hurdles before final passage, But if that happens, the House will take it up in the coming days, and we could see those flights and food benefits get back to business in the coming week or so.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: That's NPR congressional correspondent Claudia Grysalis. Thank you. Thank you.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): Now, there's still a lot of uncertainty about what a deal would mean for federal SNAP food assistance.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Yeah, the supplemental nutrition funding normally helps families pay for food. We've heard the voices of some parents and others doing without on Morning Edition.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: The administration has declined to pay during the shutdown. And NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the drama and joins us now. Good morning, Tovia.
--:-- Tovia Smith: Good morning.
--:-- Claudia Grysalis: Okay, so there's been so much back and forth on SNAP benefits, and it only seems to be getting more confusing, especially these past few days. Can you just catch us up?
--:-- Tovia Smith: Yeah, it really has been like whiplash following this, and this latest round was especially fast and furious.
--:-- Tovia Smith: So most recently, just last night at midnight, a federal appeals court refused a Trump administration request to pause a lower court order, which means the administration now has two days to pay SNAP benefits at a full 100 percent, not 65 percent.
--:-- Tovia Smith: But the administration could ask the Supreme Court to get involved again. That would be the second time in just a few days.
--:-- Tovia Smith: And meantime, another battle is boiling over around the states who already paid out full benefits. They did that in the short window that was after the federal judge ordered it and before the Supreme Court said not so fast.
--:-- Tovia Smith: The Trump administration says those payments were unauthorized, and it's threatening that states may have to pay the federal government back for any payments over 65%. The states say that could cost them hundreds of millions of dollars and could be catastrophic.
--:-- Tovia Smith: And, of course, any more delay would also mean continued hardship for all those people struggling to feed their families.
--:-- Tovia Smith: But with the news of this deal, Tovia, that could reopen the government and restart SNAP benefits, do these legal battles then become moot?
--:-- Tovia Smith: So there's no precedent for anything like this, so no certainty. But the expectation has been that when the government reopens and Congress can appropriate SNAP funding for this fiscal year, full benefits would be restored.
--:-- Tovia Smith: So yes, much of this may become moot. Okay, but the big question, right, for people who need these benefits is when that would happen. after a government reopening. When could they expect that?
--:-- Tovia Smith: Again, no certainty here, but we can see that in this last round, states who were motivated to get benefits flowing did so very quickly in a matter of days.
--:-- Tovia Smith: So it seems doable especially if states are going back to full benefits which by all accounts are easier to do than trying to calculate partial benefits
--:-- Tovia Smith: Okay so that sounds like it be welcome news to the millions of Americans who been riding the roller coaster on this really anxious about how much of their benefits would be coming and when.
--:-- Tovia Smith: Yeah, I'm already hearing some sense of relief and cautious optimism. As one SNAP recipient said to me, I'll believe it when I see it.
--:-- Tovia Smith: But I'll add that even a quick resumption of SNAP benefits, there may still be longer-term ramifications from this lapse.
--:-- Tovia Smith: First, in a concrete, practical way. For example, a food bank CEO told me she thinks she's going to be short on stock for months, not only because people who ran their cupboards bare may be buying more than usual to get back to normal, but also because food orders that food banks get from the government couldn't happen during the shutdown.
--:-- Tovia Smith: And it may be too late now, for example, to get deliveries, say, for January.
--:-- Tovia Smith: And also, there may be intangible implications, like I'm hearing a lingering sense of uncertainty or insecurity, as one SNAP recipient told me. Now that it's happened once, they'll worry it can happen again.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): NPR's Tovia Smith. Thank you for your recording, Tovia. Thank you.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): World leaders are gathering this week in Belen, Brazil for the annual U.N climate conference and hanging over the talks this year is a question is the United States even going to show up.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): Joining me now is Julia Simon from NPR's climate desk who will be covering the talks, Julia welcome.
--:-- Julia Simon: Thank you, Leila.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): So on his first day back in office, Trump said he's pulling the U.S out of the Paris Climate Agreement, the landmark global agreement to try to limit global warming. Second time he's done that. Does anyone think the Trump administration will show up the next few weeks at the UN Climate Conference?
--:-- Julia Simon: The administration says that they're not sending a high-level delegation. In an email statement, White House spokesperson Taylor Rogers says, President Trump will not jeopardize our country's economic and national security to pursue vague climate goals.
--:-- Julia Simon: Okay, Julia, so that sounds like they're unlikely to show up. Unlikely, yes. And look, if the U.S. doesn't show up, some world leaders would actually sigh with relief because some have been concerned that the U.S. might hamper the talks.
--:-- Julia Simon: The U.S. recently used these really hardball tactics to block new pollution taxes on the global shipping industry. But in the past, notably under Obama, the U.S. did help move these climate negotiations along.
--:-- Julia Simon: That almost certainly won't happen in Brazil. And look, the U.S. is the second biggest polluter in the world. So the U.S. will eventually need to come on board to cut climate emissions.
--:-- Julia Simon: As for the other G20 countries, G20 countries are 80% of emissions. They're going to have to step up in the meantime. Whether the U.S. shows up or not, the conference is happening.
--:-- Julia Simon: What are they trying to achieve?
--:-- Julia Simon: Yeah, well, the Paris Agreement was a decade ago. So now countries have to actually act on their plans to cut emissions. This conference is about pivoting from negotiation to implementation.
--:-- Julia Simon: Donor countries need to step up and give money to developing countries to help them adapt to global warming. But we're at this moment when the U.S. and also the EU, they're pulling back from international aid.
--:-- Julia Simon: The U.S. is pulling back from the U.N. Kaveh Gulenpour of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions says this year there's a bigger question about the state of multilateralism, that is, countries coming together to achieve a common goal.
--:-- Julia Simon: What ministers from around the world have been consistently saying this year is that COP30 has not only to deliver an outcome for climate, but it needs to show that multilateralism itself is still the way forward to deal with global common problems.
--:-- Julia Simon: Okay, so some big stakes and big challenges. For sure.
--:-- Julia Simon: Yeah, and then we're seeing already global temperature records broken, dangerously warm oceans, and die-offs of coral reefs. What's this all mean for the fight to slow global warming?
--:-- Julia Simon: So when it comes to tackling climate change, there are really these two big driving forces. On the one side, there's the politics, like this UN climate conference.
--:-- Julia Simon: But then there the other driving force the economics Here Li Shuo of the Asia Society The other very important dimension is the green economic transition The green economic transition.
--:-- Julia Simon: And that's really where a lot of the good news for the planet is right now, Leila. A lot of this good news is coming from China.
--:-- Julia Simon: China is not only building massive, massive amounts of solar, wind, batteries, electric vehicles. They're also making this tech more affordable, exporting it around the world.
--:-- Julia Simon: And with all this new renewable energy, China's climate emissions seem to have peaked or are nearing their peak.
--:-- Julia Simon: So we will see what happens at this climate conference. But despite the political challenges, Li Shuo says the green economic transition, Layla, is marching on around the world.
--:-- Host (Leila Fadel): That's NPR's Julia Simon. Thank you, Julia. Thank you, Layla.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Okay, so Steve, there's another story that we're following, which is news of apparent pardons from President Trump that were announced on X last night by Trump's pardon attorney.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): A little hesitant here because all we have is a tweet. It's from Ed Martin, who is the president's pardon attorney. And he's shared this document that appears to cover anybody who may have been involved in the specific effort having to do with so-called fake electors, trying to overturn the 2020 election.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And there's a whole list of names. Right. The list of some 80 people includes some of Trump's closest allies, Rudy Giuliani, Trump's former lawyer, former White House chief of staff, Mark Meadows, campaign aides who allegedly work to submit names of these fake electors to Congress and other co-defendants in the president's case in Georgia for efforts to overturn the state's results.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): None of these have been federally charged, but it blocks any future administration from any federal prosecution.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): This is, I guess we should note, in addition to the giant pardon that the president did when he first came into office.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Yeah, and he cleared more than a thousand people convicted for the January 6th attack on the Capitol in that one.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): So this is what we have, according to the president's pardon attorney, on X, and we'll bring you more as we learn it.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): And that's Up First for Monday, November 10th. I'm Leila Fadel. And I'm Steve Inskeep.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Thanks for waking up with NPR News. You know, your NPR station, your local radio station, makes Up First possible each morning.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): I've been visiting, not by intention, but by chance, I've been visiting public radio stations in I-states. Indiana. Indiana. Illinois. And Idaho.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): What about all the other states, Steve? Iowa, I'm coming for you.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Anyway, they're doing okay, and the reason they're doing okay is because people in those communities are supporting them right now.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): You can support their work and ours by going to donate.npr.org slash UpFirst.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Today's episode of UpFirst was edited by Anna Yukhananov, Kevin Drew, Neela Banerjee, Mohamad ElBardicy and Martha Ann Overland.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): It was produced by Ziad Buchh, Nia Dumas and Lindsay Totty
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): We get engineering support from Stacey Abbott. And our technical director is Carleigh Strange.
--:-- Host (Steve Inskeep): Join us again tomorrow.
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